Nonlinear Chemical Dynamics

布兰迪斯大学的欧文爱泼斯坦和Anatol Zhabotinsky得到实验物理化学计划的支持，开展非线性化学动力学的实验和计算研究，重点是创造和理解各种涉及反应扩散系统中模式形成的不同方面的新现象。 将探讨四个领域。 首先，振荡化学反应在水-油-表面活性剂微乳液的行为将被检查，利用一个新的流动反应器配置和更广泛的反应和表面活性剂。 接下来，外部光源扰动将被用来探测二氧化氯-碘-丙二酸反应中的图灵图案、驻波和簇图案，以寻求新形式的共振行为并研究图案形成的生长事实。 同时，将努力发展“化学光学”的系统理解，包括反射，折射，衍射和干涉的各种类型的化学波的行为。 最后，将开发用于图案形成研究的新系统，包括（a）涉及钙离子的振荡器，（B）在封闭和开放系统中振荡的pH振荡器，（c）简单的基于酶的振荡器，和（4）次磷酸根离子与某些锰物种的铂催化反应。 研究成果将在生物学、催化和信息处理方面具有潜在的应用价值。 此外，这些现象在美学上很吸引人，演示和演示可以引起广泛的科学和非专业观众的兴趣。化学中的模式形成是现代宏观化学动力学的中心问题。反应扩散系统是神经生物学、催化学和生态学中模式形成的最方便的模拟模型，并且对于信息处理是有用的。这些现象涉及全局反馈和/或化学波通过非均匀介质的传播。

Irving Epstein and Anatol Zhabotinsky of Brandeis University are supported by the Experimental Physical Chemistry Program to carry out experimental and computational research in nonlinear chemical dynamics, focusing on creating and understanding a variety of new phenomena involving different aspects of pattern formation in reaction-diffusion systems. Four areas will be explored. First, the behavior of oscillating chemical reactions in water-oil-surfactant microemulsions will be examined, utilizing a new flow reactor configuration and a wider range of reactions and surfactants. Next, external light source perturbation will be used to probe Turing patterns, standing waves, and cluster patterns in the chlorine dioxide- iodine-malonic acid reaction, to seek new forms of resonant behavior and to study the facts of growth on pattern formation. As well, efforts will be undertaken to develop a systematic understanding of "chemical optics," the behavior of various types of chemical waves involving reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. Finally, new systems for pattern formation studies will be developed, including (a) oscillators involving calcium ions, (b) pH oscillators that oscillate in closed as well as open systems, (c) simple enzyme-based oscillators, and (4) the platinum-catalyzed reaction of hypophosphite ion with certain manganese species. Research outcomes will have potential applications to biology, catalysis, and information processing. As well, these phenomena are aesthetically appealing, and demonstrations and presentations can interest a wide range of scientific and lay audiences. Pattern formation in chemistry is a central problem in modern macroscopic chemical kinetics. Reaction-diffusion systems constitute the most convenient analog models for pattern formation in neurobiology, catalysis, and ecology, and are useful for information processing. These phenomena involve global feedback and/or the propagation of chemical waves through nonuniform media.