PEET: Systematic Monography of the Gnomoniaceae (Ascomycetes)

子囊菌目Diaporthales包括腐殖真菌和植物致病性真菌，其中最臭名昭著的是栗树枯萎菌，它改变了北美东部的景观。由Gnomoniaceae家族成员引起的森林和景观疾病包括橡树枯死病，樱桃叶焦枯病，梧桐溃疡病，灰炭疽病，山茱萸炭疽病，胡桃溃疡病以及许多其他疾病。这些微真菌包括许多严重的新出现和入侵植物病原体，因此了解它们的分类亲缘关系对于快速检测、控制它们引起的疾病、确定它们的起源和近系统发育亲戚以及防止未来的引入至关重要。尽管具有相当大的经济重要性，但在Diaporthales的真菌没有得到现代的专题处理，也没有将其相关的无性真菌包括在其有限的文献中。需要对这一未充分研究的群体进行专题描述，以提供分类框架，以了解入侵性无性真菌的进化，如山茱萸炭疽病和胡桃溃疡病的原因。该项目的目的是利用形态学和分子学相结合的方法，对子囊菌科的十个主要属和相关真菌及其衍生的无性物种进行专著。这三组苦参科属将作为独立但相互关联的项目进行研究。每个群体都有几百个活的文化和参考标本，通过收集和与世界各地的科学家合作，还可以获得额外的材料。研究方法包括使用高质量的光学和扫描电子显微镜检查宏观和微观特征。数字图像分析系统将用于测量、记录和分析微观特征，以及捕捉孢子相关结构的诊断图像。形态学数据和分子DNA序列数据（核糖体DNA区域和其他基因组标记）将用于发展关于龙爪草科谱系的假设。这些假设将使用其他基因的DNA序列分析进行检验，特别是RNA聚合酶B亚基1和2，翻译延伸因子1 α，线粒体ATP6和线粒体核糖体DNA基因单独或组合。这些真菌的专题报告将发表在真菌学期刊上，并与描述和插图支持的交互式识别密钥一起放在互联网上。

The ascomycete order Diaporthales includes saprobic and plant pathogenicfungi of which the most notorious is the chestnut blight fungus that altered the landscape of eastern North America. Forest and landscape diseases caused by members of the included family Gnomoniaceae include oak dieback, cherry leaf scorch, sycamore canker, ash anthracnose, dogwood anthracnose, butternut canker, and many others. These microfungi include many serious emerging and invasive plant pathogens, thus knowledge of their taxonomic affinities is crucial for rapid detection, control of the diseases they cause, determinination of their origin and close phylogenetic relatives, and prevention of future introductions. Although of considerable economic importance, fungi in the Diaporthales have not received modern monographic treatment nor have their related asexual fungi been included in their limited literature. A monographic account of this understudied group is needed to provide the taxonomic framework for understanding the evolution of invasive asexual fungi such as the causes of dogwood anthracnose and butternut canker. The objective of this Partnership for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (PEET) project is to monograph the ten major genera and related fungi of the ascomycete family Gnomoniaceae, order Diaporthales, including their derived asexual species using a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. The three groups of genera of the Gnomoniaceae will be studied as separate but interrelated projects. Several hundred living cultures and reference specimens are available for each group with additional material to be acquired through collecting and collaborating with scientists throughout the world. The research approach involves examination of macroscopic and microscopic characters using high quality light and scanning electron microscopy. A digital image analysis system will be used for measuring, recording, and analyzing microscopic characters as well as for capturing diagnostic images of spore-related structures. Morphological data and molecular DNA sequence data (nuclear ribosomal DNA regions and other genomic markers) will be used to develop hypotheses about lineages within theGnomoniaceae. These hypotheses will be tested using DNA sequence analyses of additional genes, specifically RNA polymerase B subunits 1 and 2, translation elongation factor 1 alpha, mitochondrial ATP6 and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA genes individually and in combination. Monographic accounts of these fungi will be published in mycological journals and placed on the Internet along with interactive identification keys supported by descriptions and illustrations.