Dissertation Research:Global Alpine Biogeography: Insights from Phylogenetics, Phylogeography and Population Genetics of the Trans-Pacific Alpine Plant Genus Oreomyrrhis (Apiaceae)

论文研究：全球高山生物地理学：跨太平洋高山植物属（伞形科）系统发育学、系统发育地理学和群体遗传学的见解

• 批准号: 0408105
• 负责人: Barbara Schaal
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0408105&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Global; Alpine; Biogeography

The alpine biome is the only terrestrial ecosystem that is distributed globally. Understanding genetic variation and evolution of plant species in these widespread yet isolated ecosystems will provide insight into the origins of global biodiversity. The plant genus Oreomyrrhis is found in alpine and sub-Antarctic environments around the South Pacific Rim, a unique distribution well suited for studying the evolution of alpine plants. This grant will support travel to Central America to complete worldwide sampling of Oreomyrrhis species. By applying molecular genetic approaches, interspecific relationships will be reconstructed to elucidate histories and mechanisms underlying Oreomyrrhis's distribution. Dr. Barbara Schaal and Kuo-fang Chung will also compare population genetic structures of Oreomyrrhis species in Ecuador, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand, and the sub-Antarctic islands of Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands, illuminating evolutionary forces that have shaped genetic variation of alpine life.To survive harsh alpine environments, organisms evolve distinctive adaptations that characterize the alpine ecosystems. However, this unique ecosystem is now diminishing rapidly as global warming triggers an upward migration of mountain vegetation belts, narrowing alpine zones to higher and more arid environments. Results of this study will provide data to evaluate and predict the impacts of global warming on alpine plant communities, information necessary for designing effective polices to conserve the intriguing and fragile alpine biodiversity.

高山生物群系是唯一分布于全球的陆地生态系统。了解这些广泛而孤立的生态系统中植物物种的遗传变异和进化将有助于深入了解全球生物多样性的起源。Oreomyrrhis属植物在南太平洋沿岸的高山和亚南极环境中被发现，这种独特的分布非常适合研究高山植物的进化。这笔拨款将用于资助前往中美洲完成oremyrris物种的全球采样。运用分子遗传学的方法，重建种间关系，阐明大鼠分布的历史和机制。芭芭拉·沙尔博士和钟国芳博士还将比较厄瓜多尔、台湾、澳大利亚、新西兰以及亚南极火地岛和福克兰群岛的oremyrrhis物种的种群遗传结构，以阐明形成高山生物遗传变异的进化力量。为了在恶劣的高山环境中生存，生物进化出独特的适应性，这是高山生态系统的特征。然而，随着全球变暖引发山地植被带向上迁移，将高寒地带缩小到更高、更干旱的环境，这种独特的生态系统正在迅速减少。研究结果将为全球变暖对高寒植物群落的影响提供数据依据，为制定有效的保护高寒脆弱生物多样性的政策提供必要的信息。