EID: Collaborative Research: The Interplay Of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors in Epidemiological Dynamics: Cholera as a Case Study

EID：合作研究：流行病学动态中外在因素和内在因素的相互作用：以霍乱为例

• 批准号: 0429520
• 负责人: James Kinter
• 金额: $ 30.17万
• 依托单位: Institute of Global Environment and Society
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-15 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0429520&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EID; Collaborative; Research; Interplay; Extrinsic

The outbreaks of many infectious diseases display pronounced seasonal and interannual (year to year) variation. To date, investigations of the role of environmental factors including climatic ones, have not significantly progressed beyond simple correlative analyses. This project develops quantitative approaches to address the role of climate and other environmental factors in the population dynamics of infectious diseases, particularly those with temporary (short-lived) immunity and free-living infectious stages. The work focuses on cholera in its main endemic region (NE India and Bangladesh), but also other regions of Asia (Vietnam) and Africa (Mozambique). Its ultimate aim is to develop quantitative scenarios for cholera under climate change, by combining results on disease-environmental couplings with climate models.The applicability of the developed quantitative approaches to other diseases (particularly malaria and other vector borne pathogens) will be examined.The global climate is changing. The most likely avenues for impacts on disease dynamics are through concomitant changes in the seasonal environmental variables that drive transmission, and through changes in the dominant (interannual) modes of variability (e.g. ENSO) that are observed in the current climate. Neither mechanism can be understood without a solid understanding of how climate variability has influenced disease patterns in the past. Extensive spatial and temporal cholera records provide an opportunity to address such understanding for an infectious disease remaining a public health problem around the globe, particularly in Asia but also Africa, for which the role of the environment is an important open question.

许多传染病的爆发表现出明显的季节性和年际（年与年）变化。迄今为止，除了简单的相关分析之外，对包括气候因素在内的环境因素的作用的研究还没有取得重大进展。该项目制定了定量方法，以解决气候和其他环境因素在传染病人口动态中的作用，特别是那些具有暂时（短暂）免疫力和自由生活传染阶段的疾病。这项工作的重点是霍乱主要流行地区（印度东北部和孟加拉国）以及亚洲其他地区（越南）和非洲（莫桑比克）的霍乱。它的最终目标是通过将疾病-环境耦合的结果与气候模型相结合，开发气候变化下霍乱的定量情景。将审查已开发的定量方法对其他疾病（特别是疟疾和其他媒介传播的病原体）的适用性。全球气候正在发生变化。影响疾病动态的最可能途径是通过驱动传播的季节性环境变量的伴随变化，以及通过在当前气候中观察到的主要（年际）变率模式（例如ENSO）的变化。没有对过去气候变率如何影响疾病模式的扎实理解，就无法理解这两种机制。广泛的时空霍乱记录提供了一个机会，使我们能够了解这种传染病在全球范围内仍然是一个公共卫生问题，特别是在亚洲，而且在非洲，环境的作用是一个重要的未决问题。