Global analysis of saliva as a source of bacterial DNA - a potential chronometer for human population and migration studies

作为细菌 DNA 来源的唾液的整体分析——人类种群和迁徙研究的潜在计时器

• 批准号: 168536437
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hans-Peter Horz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2009-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/168536437?language=en
• 关键词: Global; analysis; saliva; source; bacterial

The history of Homo sapiens – a highly challenging field of study – has traditionally been explored by assessing classical human DNA markers. Alternatively, because of their higher evolution rate human-associated bacteria principally hold great potential for providing complementary information on human history and could particularly be useful for shedding light on migrations that are too recent to be studied with human DNA markers. The concept of human-bacterial co-evolution has already been successfully tested for Helicobacter pylori however its analysis requires stomach-biopsies. The aim of this project is to test the hypothesis that members of the human salivary microbiota may function as chronometer of human evolution and thus allow a fine-scale differentiation of human populations. Saliva samples from 10 volunteers each from 12 world-wide areas, representing diverse ethnic groups, will be analyzed. The bacteria of choice will be Streptococcus oralis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, because they are primarily transmitted vertically, easily detectable in human saliva, and distinguishable down to subspecies and clonal-cluster level using defined and well-established marker genes. In addition, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis will be performed to compare the microbial community compositions across samples. This project which is a unique collaboration between a microbiology group and an anthropology group will establish a framework for the identification of bacterial DNA markers from saliva with the ultimate potential to provide new perspectives on unsolved human migration patterns – an issue of great social, anthropological, and medical importance.

智人的历史--一个极具挑战性的研究领域--传统上是通过评估经典的人类DNA标记来探索的。或者，由于人类相关细菌的进化速度较高，因此主要具有提供人类历史补充信息的巨大潜力，尤其有助于揭示最近无法用人类DNA标记研究的迁徙。人类和细菌共同进化的概念已经成功地测试了幽门螺杆菌，然而它的分析需要胃活检。这个项目的目的是检验这样一个假设，即人类唾液微生物区系的成员可能作为人类进化的计时器发挥作用，从而允许对人类种群进行精细的区分。来自世界12个地区的10名志愿者的唾液样本将被分析，这些志愿者代表不同的种族。选择的细菌将是口腔链球菌和核梭杆菌，因为它们主要是垂直传播的，在人类唾液中很容易检测到，并且可以使用定义和完善的标记基因区分到亚种和克隆簇水平。此外，还将进行末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)分析，以比较样品之间的微生物群落组成。该项目是微生物学小组和人类学小组之间的独特合作，将建立一个从唾液中识别细菌DNA标记的框架，最终有可能为尚未解决的人类迁徙模式提供新的视角--这是一个具有重大社会、人类学和医学重要性的问题。