Mining FDI, Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development:

矿业外国直接投资、企业社会责任和可持续发展：

• 批准号: 0452152
• 负责人: Jacque (Jody) Emel
• 金额: $ 24.96万
• 依托单位: Clark University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-15 至 2008-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0452152&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mining; FDI; Corporate; Social; Responsibility

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in natural resources is thought to be a primary route to "development" in some of the lower income countries. Mining FDI constitutes nearly 25 percent of the capital investment in Africa, making it a potentially important economic driver. Yet corporate investment in mining has long been a controversial: it has not appeared to improve the lot of the poorest countries and mining corporations have been compellingly criticized for their environmental, social, and community impacts via activist organizations like Project Underground, more established NGOs like Oxfam and Friends of the Earth (FOE), and indigenous peoples' organizations. The recent World Bank-sponsored Extractive Industry Review and the industry-sponsored Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development project facilitated by the International Institute for Environment and Development are testimony to the self reflection of the industry necessitated by pressures from multiple stakeholders. The general consensus emerging from these initiatives requires mining corporations to be not only environmentally responsible, but to help get today's generation of poor people out of poverty and build strong, sustainable communities. Mining companies, community advocacy groups, and researchers are polarized as to whether this is possible. This research examines the impacts of the now "socially responsible" mining sector in the goldfields of Tanzania, an area of recent (and aggressive) mineral development and large potential (Tanzania became the third largest gold producer in Africa in 2001, behind South Africa and Ghana). The research focuses upon two major aspects of mining FDI impacts: 1) the effects on sustainable livelihoods in the host communities and 2) the revenue distributions flowing from companies to the central government and beyond. Data will be collected through surveys, semi-structured interviews, and archival and secondary sources. Qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques will be used to provide assessments of the impacts and the revenue distributions. The study will make a vital and measured contribution to a significant gap in the evaluation of mining and development: it will afford a rigorously designed analysis of the CSR-induced programs and mining impacts on host communities (including women) and host governments, including the Tanzanian central government which operates under a liberalized mining law recommended by the World Bank. It will determine whether people (and objective verifiable indicators) find their lives better or worse as a result of FDI-based mining operations.Wealth from non-renewable natural resources like oil and gold can only be produced once - when the resource is developed. If the corporations that reap the benefits of this resource development use revenues to fund development projects for host communities, build infrastructure that will serve communities after the mine is closed, and pay substantial royalties and taxes to national governments, there is potential for sustained regional and national development. The latter depends also upon what the host government does with the revenues from the mines. On the other hand, if mining operations pollute water and air, degrade biodiversity, and pay low wages/royalties, local people and national revenue potentials may be substantially disadvantaged by foreign direct investment in mining. This project will advance knowledge on whether foreign investment in mining under current conditions of corporate social responsibility is a viable route toward sustainable development.

自然资源方面的外国直接投资被认为是一些低收入国家实现“发展”的主要途径。 矿业外国直接投资占非洲资本投资的近25%，使其成为潜在的重要经济驱动力。 然而，企业对矿业的投资长期以来一直存在争议：它似乎并没有改善最贫困国家的命运，矿业公司因其对环境、社会和社区的影响而受到地下工程等激进组织、乐施会等更成熟的非政府组织的强烈批评地球之友（FOE）和土著人民组织。最近世界银行赞助的《采掘业审查》和国际环境与发展学会推动的采矿业赞助的采矿、矿物和可持续发展项目证明，由于来自多个利益攸关方的压力，采矿业必须进行自我反思。从这些倡议中产生的普遍共识要求采矿公司不仅对环境负责，而且要帮助今天这一代穷人摆脱贫困，建设强大、可持续的社区。矿业公司、社区倡导团体和研究人员对这是否可能两极分化。 这项研究审查了目前“对社会负责”的采矿部门对坦桑尼亚金矿的影响，这是一个最近（和积极）矿产开发和巨大潜力的地区（坦桑尼亚于2001年成为非洲第三大黄金生产国，仅次于南非和加纳）。该研究侧重于矿业外国直接投资影响的两个主要方面：1）对东道国社区可持续生计的影响; 2）从公司流向中央政府及其他部门的收入分配。将通过调查、半结构化访谈、档案和二手资料来源收集数据。将使用定性和定量分析技术对影响和收入分配进行评估。该研究将对采矿和发展评估中的重大差距做出重要和可衡量的贡献：它将对CSR引发的方案和采矿对东道国社区（包括妇女）和东道国政府的影响进行严格设计的分析，包括坦桑尼亚中央政府，该政府根据世界银行建议的自由化采矿法运作。它将决定人们的生活（以及客观可核查的指标）是否因基于外国直接投资的采矿活动而变得更好或更差。石油和黄金等不可再生自然资源的财富只能在资源开发时产生一次。 如果从这种资源开发中获益的公司将收入用于为所在社区的发展项目提供资金，建设在矿山关闭后为社区服务的基础设施，并向国家政府支付大量的特许权使用费和税收，那么就有可能实现可持续的区域和国家发展。 后者还取决于东道国政府如何处理矿山收入。 另一方面，如果采矿作业污染水和空气，使生物多样性退化，支付的工资/特许权使用费低，当地人民和国家的收入潜力可能因外国直接投资采矿而处于极为不利的地位。 该项目将进一步了解，在当前企业社会责任条件下，外国投资采矿业是否是实现可持续发展的可行途径。