Theory of Particles and Strings in the Sky, Underground, and Laboratory

天空、地下和实验室中的粒子和弦理论

• 批准号: 0457315
• 负责人: Hitoshi Murayama
• 金额: $ 200万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-11-01 至 2010-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0457315&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Theory; Particles; Strings; Sky; Underground

The investigators in this group propose to work on outstanding questions in physics. What is the Nature of the Universe and what is it made of? What are matter, energy, space and time? How did we get here and where are we going? from the theoretical standpoint. Theoretically, string theory has undergone major developments in the last several years in techniques as well as emerging cosmological applications. Many new possibilities of physics beyond the standard model that were not considered in the past have recently emerged. Connection between particle physics and physics underground or in space is becoming stronger than ever.. This proposal attempts to address these major questions from many possible directions Specifically, the PIs propose to take the following approach. Ganor proposes to do research in M-theory, string theory, supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories, field theories in higher dimensions,and to search for possible tests of string theory and M-theory in cosmology. Gaillard studies effective supergravity theories at the quantum level, with an emphasis one those derived from the weakly coupled heterotic string. She will explore the implications for collider physics and cosmology of these theories. Hall plans to study issues of electroweak symmetry breaking, and connections between particle physics and cosmology, such as how inflation and dark energy can be incorporated into fundamental theories that connect to scales of unification and to neutrino masses. Murayama proposes to study physics behind the electroweak symmetry breaking, underground physics such as neutrino physics and proton decay, dark matter and cosmology, and dynamics of field theory. Zumino studies various aspects of noncommutative quantum field theories and (super)string theories and tries to go beyond the known mathematical techniques to develop a deformation quantization of differential forms (for gauge theories) and a functional super-star product for (super)string field theory. The broader impact is that the PIs provide training to students and postdocs who become the next generation of scientists of the nation as well as the world. Diversity is promoted through interactions with two female PIs The group works with QuarkNet teachers to bring the excitement of forefront research to high-school students through lectures as well as making themselves available as resources.

这个小组的研究人员打算研究物理学中悬而未决的问题。宇宙的本质是什么？它是由什么组成的？什么是物质、能量、空间和时间？我们是怎么到这里的，我们要去哪里？从理论的角度来看。从理论上讲，弦理论在过去几年里在技术和新兴的宇宙学应用方面都有了重大的发展。许多过去没有考虑的标准模型之外的物理学新可能性最近出现了。粒子物理学和地下或太空物理学之间的联系比以往任何时候都更加紧密。本建议试图从许多可能的方向解决这些主要问题。具体而言，主要研究者建议采取以下方法。Ganor建议在M理论，弦理论，超对称杨米尔斯理论，更高维度的场论中进行研究，并在宇宙学中寻找弦理论和M理论的可能测试。盖拉尔在量子水平上研究有效的超引力理论，重点是那些来自弱耦合杂化弦的理论。她将探讨这些理论对对撞机物理学和宇宙学的影响。霍尔计划研究电弱对称性破缺的问题，以及粒子物理学和宇宙学之间的联系，例如如何将膨胀和暗能量纳入与统一尺度和中微子质量有关的基本理论。村山提议研究电弱对称破缺背后的物理学、中微子物理学和质子衰变等地下物理学、暗物质和宇宙学以及场论动力学。祖米诺研究了非对易量子场论和（超）弦理论的各个方面，并试图超越已知的数学技术，发展微分形式的变形量子化（对于规范理论）和（超）弦场论的泛函超星积。更广泛的影响是，PI为学生和博士后提供培训，他们将成为国家和世界的下一代科学家。通过与两名女性PI的互动促进了多样性。该小组与QuarkNet教师合作，通过讲座为高中生带来前沿研究的兴奋，并使自己成为可用的资源。