Collaborative Research: Primary Elections for U.S. State and Federal Offices: A Comprehensive Database and Analysis

合作研究：美国州和联邦办公室初选：综合数据库和分析

• 批准号: 0617555
• 负责人: John Hansen
• 金额: $ 5.55万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0617555&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Primary; Elections; U.S.

The emergence of the primary election process during the 20th Century is widelythought to have transformed American politics. For example, primary electionsallegedly weakened political parties and fueled the rise of personalistic, incumbencyoriented politics; and primary elections are though to have made politicians much moreideologically extreme than the electorate as a whole, because candidates must first winapproval of a partisan subset of the electorate before they can even qualify for thegeneral election.Addressing even the most basic questions about this two-stage process is difficultbecause no comprehensive database on primary election results in the U.S. currentlyexists. This project assembles a database on primary elections for statewide andfederal offices. For each state, we collect election returns for every statewide andfederal office for major-party primary elections from the year the first primaries wereheld to the present.Our project yields broad educational and social benefits including useful digitaldatabases archived at the ICPSR and on our own websites, publications in a variety ofmedia, data sets made available to state election boards and/or secretaries of state,research collaboration between three major educational institutions, mentoring andemploying research assistants who are women and under-represented minorities, andprofessionalization of undergraduates and graduate students who co-author with theprincipal investigators.

世纪初选程序的出现被广泛认为改变了美国政治。例如，初选削弱了政党，助长了个人主义和责任导向政治的兴起;而初选虽然使政客们在意识形态上比选民整体上更加极端，因为候选人必须首先赢得选民中一部分党派的认可，然后才有资格参加大选。解决这两个最基本的问题-阶段过程是困难的，因为没有全面的数据库在美国初选结果目前存在。这个项目为全州和联邦办公室收集了一个关于初选的数据库。对于每个州，我们收集了从第一次初选到现在的每个州和联邦主要政党初选办公室的选举结果。我们的项目产生了广泛的教育和社会效益，包括在ICPSR和我们自己的网站上存档的有用的数字数据库，各种媒体的出版物，提供给州选举委员会和/或州秘书的数据集，三个主要教育机构之间的研究合作，指导和雇用女性和代表性不足的少数民族的研究助理，以及与主要研究人员共同撰写的本科生和研究生的专业化。