Interaction and Migration in the Sonoran Desert, A.D. 900-1300

索诺兰沙漠中的互动和迁徙，公元 900-1300 年

• 批准号: 0639365
• 负责人: Margaret Beck
• 金额: $ 1.62万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0639365&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Interaction; Migration; Sonoran; Desert; A.D.

The National Science Foundation will support research on prehistoric ceramic manufacture and exchange in southern Arizona, advancing knowledge about Native American migrations and population interactions before European contact. Dr. Margaret Beck is studying the relationships between sedentary Hohokam agriculturalists (related to the modern O'odham) and more mobile Lowland Patayan groups (perhaps related to Yuman-speaking groups such as the modern Maricopa). The territories of these groups overlapped along the Hohokam western frontier, near what is now Gila Bend, Arizona. Current archaeological evidence suggests that after A.D. 1000-1100, Patayan groups may have migrated into traditional Hohokam territory to the east, contributing to the formation of the multi-ethnic communities seen in the historical and modern periods. In this study, Patayan population movements will be identified through the spread of Patayan potters into Hohokam territory, who would have manufactured Patayan vessels using local materials. The primary hypothesis is that that many of the Patayan ceramics recovered from Hohokam territory were manufactured there, reflecting resident Patayan potters, and were not imported from western Lowland Patayan territory. In order to see patterns of regional exchange and migration, the places of manufacture for Patayan and other ceramics will be determined using chemical composition analysis specifically, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for 350 ceramic fragments and 20 natural clay samples. These data will be combined with data from a large regional INAA database to trace ceramics to their place of manufacture, and will create a still-larger database for future researchers. The INAA patterns will be combined with other lines of evidence from other studies, including ceramic, shell, obsidian, and petroglyph distributions, to better understand regional exchange patterns and the extent and significance of eastward Patayan migration.Patayan-Hohokam relationships are of anthropological interest as another potential case of interaction, interdependence, and kinship ties between two groups with visibly different settlement patterns and economies. Such relationships have been documented worldwide between foragers or other relatively mobile groups and adjacent sedentary food producers, although the nature and intensity of these relationships varies. The late prehistoric social landscape studied here also sets the stage for later developments in the region. Patayan migration into Hohokam territory in the Middle Gila, Salt, and Santa Cruz River valleys contributed to regional social and cultural change in the last few centuries of prehistory. Their experience is important to our understanding of interactions between groups of different social and economic complexity, habitation and adaptation in the Papagueria of southwestern Arizona, the changing cultural landscape in the Hohokam Classic period (ca. A. D. 1150-1450), and the development of historical-period and modern Native American groups in the region. The roots of historical-period territories and interactions in the southern Southwest lie in the prehistoric period addressed by this study. This project can significantly contribute to a larger discussion between professional archaeologists, Native American communities, and the general public about regional interaction in the late prehistoric and protohistoric periods.

国家科学基金会将支持亚利桑那州南部史前陶瓷制造和交换的研究，在欧洲接触之前促进有关美国原住民移民和人口相互作用的知识。玛格丽特·贝克（Margaret Beck）博士正在研究久坐的霍霍卡姆农业主义者（与现代奥德汉姆（O'Odham）有关）与更多移动的低地帕塔伊族人（可能与Yuman说话的群体（例如现代Maricopa）有关）​​之间的关系。这些群体的领土沿着现在的亚利桑那州吉拉·本德（Gila Bend）靠近的霍霍克姆（Hohokam）西部边境重叠。当前的考古证据表明，在公元1000年至1100年之后，帕塔亚人群体可能已迁移到东方传统的霍霍卡姆领土，这有助于在历史和现代时期看到的多民族社区的形成。在这项研究中，将通过将帕蒂亚陶工扩散到霍霍克姆地区来确定帕蒂亚人的人口运动，后者将使用当地材料生产帕塔亚船。主要假设是，从Hohokam领土中回收的许多帕塔亚陶瓷都在那里生产，反映了居民的帕塔亚陶工，并且没有从西部低地帕塔亚人领土进口。为了查看区域交换和迁移的模式，将使用化学成分分析（特定化学成分分析），仪器中子激活分析（INAA）确定帕蒂亚和其他陶瓷的制造位置，用于350个陶瓷片段和20个天然粘土样品。这些数据将与来自大型区域INAA数据库的数据相结合，以追踪陶瓷到其制造地点，并将为未来的研究人员创建一个仍然持久的数据库。 INAA模式将与其他研究的其他证据相结合，包括陶瓷，外壳，黑曜石和岩画分布，以更好地理解区域交换模式以及东方帕塔伊派迁移的范围和意义的程度和意义。Patayan-Hohokam的关系是人类学的兴趣，是互动，相互依存的另一组和依赖性的另一个潜在的经济学案例。尽管这些关系的性质和强度各不相同，但这些关系已在觅食者或其他相对移动的群体与邻近久坐的食品生产者之间的全球记录。在这里研究的晚期史前社会景观也为该地区后来的发展奠定了基础。帕塔亚（Patayan）迁移到中吉拉中部，盐和圣克鲁斯河谷的霍霍克姆地区，在过去几个世纪的史前历史上助长了区域社会和文化变革。他们的经验对于我们对不同社会和经济复杂性，居住和适应性群体之间互动的理解至关重要，亚利桑那州西南部的帕帕吉里亚，霍霍卡姆经典时期的文化景观不断变化（大约A. D. 1150-1450），以及该地区的历史性植物和现代美国本土群体的发展。这项研究涉及的史前时期。该项目可以极大地促进专业考古学家，美洲原住民社区和公众在晚期史前和原始历史时期的区域互动之间进行更大的讨论。