Distributive Justice Norms in Marriages

婚姻中的分配正义规范

• 批准号: 0639712
• 负责人: Margaret Clark
• 金额: $ 18.69万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-15 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0639712&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Distributive; Justice; Norms; Marriages

Past research has established that being married is associated with superior mental and physical health relative to not being married. At the same time, little is currently known about what processes underlie these associations. Moreover, existing research has not established whether all marriages are beneficial to individuals' well-being. This longitudinal study of marriages addresses these issues. The study involves tracking 214 individuals in 107 marriages from just prior to each marriage through the end of the seventh year of their marriages. Its central focus is on patterns of giving and receiving benefits in marriage along with the antecedents and consequences of different patterns. Patterns comprising mutual responsiveness to one another's needs on a non-contingent basis are predicted to be associated with greater marital satisfaction and felt security as well as with superior mental and physical health. Adherence to other norms, equity, exchange, and self-interest, even if perceived to be fair, are predicted to be associated with poorer adjustment. Data show that most people initially endorse a norm of mutual responsiveness to needs as both ideal and as realistic for their marriage. However, many people are not able to maintain or follow such a norm over time, turning instead to exchange or equity norms which tend to be associated with poorer martial adjustment, a lower sense of security, and possibly poorer mental and physical health. The study will investigate possible antecedents of falling away from a norm of mutual responsiveness, including personality variables that people bring with them to marriages, outside stressors (e.g., job loss, birth of a first child), and poor adherence to the norm by one's spouse. This research will contribute to a base of scientific knowledge on close interpersonal relationships, and will lead to greater understanding of why some marriages succeed and others do not.

过去的研究已经证实，与未婚相比，已婚者的身心健康状况更好，上级。与此同时，目前对这些关联的基础过程知之甚少。此外，现有的研究还没有确定是否所有的婚姻都有益于个人的福祉。这种对婚姻的纵向研究解决了这些问题。这项研究跟踪了107对夫妇中的214人，从结婚前到结婚第七年结束。其中心重点是婚姻中给予和接受利益的模式，沿着不同模式的前因后果。包括在非偶然的基础上对彼此的需求的相互响应的模式被预测与更大的婚姻满意度和安全感以及上级的心理和身体健康有关。遵守其他规范，公平，交换和自身利益，即使被认为是公平的，预计将与较差的调整。数据显示，大多数人最初都认可一种对需求做出相互反应的规范，这对他们的婚姻来说既是理想的，也是现实的。然而，随着时间的推移，许多人无法维持或遵循这样的规范，而是转向交换或公平规范，这往往与较差的军事调整，较低的安全感，以及可能较差的心理和身体健康有关。这项研究将调查偏离相互反应规范的可能原因，包括人们带到婚姻中的个性变量，外部压力（例如，失业、第一个孩子的出生），以及配偶对规范的遵守情况不佳。这项研究将有助于建立一个关于密切人际关系的科学知识基础，并将导致更好地理解为什么有些婚姻成功，而另一些婚姻失败。