Collaborative Research: Development of a High-Resolution, Unstructured Grid, Finite-Volume Coupled Ice-Ocean Model for the Arctic Ocean

北冰洋模式对比项目(AOMIP)的研究建议对北冰洋研究进行两项关键的模式改进：1)提高模式的水平和垂直网格分辨率；2)在模式动力学中加入潮汐运动，以提供基于物理的混合率，该混合率在水平和垂直方向上都随潮流和冰潮相互作用而变化。这项工作旨在完成一个新的高分辨率非结构网格有限体积北冰洋冰海耦合模式(AO-FVCOM)的开发和评估，并使用该模式研究海岸线拟合、陡峭测深、潮汐和潮汐过程、地表风应力、热通量、大气负荷、沿海淡水强迫、冰动力学和边界强迫对北冰洋环流和水团/海冰分布和变率的影响。按照AOMIP规范进行的AO-FVCOM后播试验和面向工艺的试验都在计划之中。这些模拟将量化海岸几何形状和测深分辨率对复杂的加拿大群岛和其他沿海海域环流和淡水输送的影响，以及群岛、北极盆地和北大西洋之间的交换过程，并为海洋环流、大气强迫、海冰、潮汐、随时间变化的河流流量和白令海峡流入之间的非线性相互作用及其对北冰洋海洋学的不同影响提供新的见解。该项目将提供一个新的高分辨率非结构网格有限体积北冰洋模式(AO-FVCOM)，用于区域和全球海洋环流和气候变化研究。由于非结构网格方法固有的几何灵活性和有限体积方法固有的局部质量、动量、热量和盐守恒以及计算效率，AO-FVCOM模式与现有的北冰洋结构网格模式有很大的不同。使用AOMIP强迫和分析方法的AO-FVCOM后预报将有助于评估AO-FVCOM在长期海洋和气候变化研究中的作用，而AO-FVCOM面向过程的实验将加深我们对潮汐、海冰、风应力、热通量、大气负荷以及依赖于时间的河流流量和边界流入对北冰洋海洋环流、水结构和海冰的非线性相互作用的理解。AO-FVCOM的开发和模式实验将为研究北冰洋和北大西洋(特别是通过加拿大群岛)之间的联系提供一个令人振奋的新工具，并允许直接对高纬度浮力驱动的沿海边界流进行数值模拟，该流驱动从拉布拉多向南到哈特拉斯角的大陆架和上坡环流。

Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (AOMIP) studies recommend two key model improvements for Arctic Ocean research: 1) increase model horizontal and vertical grid resolution and 2) include tidal motions in the model dynamics to provide physically-based mixing rates that vary both horizontally and vertically depending on tidal currents and ice-tide interactions. This effort seeks to complete the development and evaluation of a new high-resolution unstructured-grid, finite-volume coupled ice-ocean model for the Arctic Ocean (AO-FVCOM) and use this model to investigate the influences of coastline fitting, steep bathymetry, tides and tidal processes, surface wind stress, heat flux, atmospheric loading, coastal freshwater forcing, ice dynamics, and boundary forcing on Arctic Ocean circulation and water mass/sea ice distributions and variability. Both AO-FVCOM hindcast experiments following AOMIP specifications and process-oriented experiments are planned. These simulations will quantify the impacts of coastal geometry and bathymetry resolution on circulation and freshwater transport in the complex Canadian Archipelago and other coastal seas and the exchange processes between the Archipelago, Arctic basins, and the North Atlantic, plus provide new insight into the nonlinear interactions between ocean circulation, atmospheric forcing, sea ice, tides, and time-dependent river discharge and Bering Strait inflow and their different influences on Arctic Ocean oceanography. AO-FVCOM will be an open community model system available through the project website.This project will provide a new high-resolution unstructured-grid, finite volume Arctic Ocean model (AO-FVCOM) for use in regional and global ocean circulation and climate change studies. AO-FVCOM is significantly different from existing Arctic Ocean structured-grid models due to the geometric flexibility inherent in the unstructured-grid approach and the local mass, momentum, heat, and salt conservation and computational efficiency inherent in the finite-volume approach. AO-FVCOM hindcasts using AOMIP forcing and analysis methods will help evaluate AO-FVCOM for long-term ocean and climate change studies, while the AO-FVCOM process-oriented experiments will advance our understanding of the nonlinear interactions between tides, sea ice, wind stress, heat flux, atmospheric loading, and time dependent river discharge and boundary inflow on ocean circulation, water structure and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. AO-FVCOM development and model experiments will provide an exciting new tool to study the linkages between Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans (especially through the Canadian Archipelago) and allow direct numerical simulation of the high-latitude buoyancy driven coastal boundary current that drives the shelf and upper slope circulation from Labrador south to Cape Hatteras.