CAREER: Bose-Einstein Condensation Using Different Flavors of Electrons

*非技术摘要*玻色-爱因斯坦凝析油就像一种冷气体，但气体颗粒在低温下不会液化成高密度的液滴，而是保持稀释。然而，它们的集体行为就像一个大的单个量子粒子。为了使电子形成玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体，人们必须找到一种方法，使它们成对结合在一起，然后才能坍塌到这种奇怪的低温相。西北大学这个教师早期职业发展项目的目标是研究一种新的方法，在半导体砷化铝薄层中配对电子，以实现玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体。发现和研究量子凝聚的新实现将加深我们对这一奇异现象的理解，而沿途发展的技术可能会照亮制造量子计算机的新概念。该项目的教育部分将对研究生和本科生进行固态研究技术方面的培训。外展元素将通过协调戏剧、工程和科学系的学生和教职员工的努力，将科学带入公众的视野，以呈现以科学为主题的戏剧。这些戏剧将在科学和工程大楼的演讲厅里上演，面向大学生、当地高中生和社区成员。*技术摘要*玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体是物质量子相干态的罕见例子。粒子必须首先配对形成玻色子，然后在足够低的温度下，这些玻色子凝聚成单一的相干波状基态，共同特征为单一序参数。在砷化铝中，电子有一个额外的标签，称为山谷指数，这是西北大学教师早期职业发展项目的目标，它是将高磁场和低温施加到砷化铝的单个量子阱中，以诱导来自不同山谷的电子配对和玻色凝聚。发现和研究量子凝聚的新实现将加深我们对量子相干的理解，而沿途发展的技术可能会照亮量子信息存储和操作的新概念。该项目的教育部分将对研究生和本科生进行固态研究技术方面的培训。外展元素将通过协调戏剧、工程和科学系的学生和教职员工的努力，将科学带入公众的视野，以呈现以科学为主题的戏剧。这些戏剧将在科学和工程大楼的演讲厅为大学生、当地高中生和社区成员演出。

****NON-TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****A Bose-Einstein condensate is like a cold gas, but instead of liquefying into a high-density droplet at low temperatures, the gas particles remain dilute. However, they behave collectively like a large single quantum particle. To make electrons form a Bose-Einstein condensate, one must find a way to cause them to bind together in pairs before they can collapse into this curious low temperature phase. It is the goal of this Faculty Early Career Development project at Northwestern University to study a new way of pairing electrons inside of thin layers of the semiconductor aluminum arsenide, in order to realize a Bose-Einstein condensate. Discovering and studying new realizations of quantum condensates will deepen our understanding of this exotic phenomenon, and the technology developed along the way may illuminate new concepts for making quantum computers. The educational component of this project will train both graduate and undergraduate students in the techniques of solid-state research. The outreach element will bring science into the public eye by coordinating the efforts of students and faculty in the theater, engineering, and science departments to present scientifically themed plays. The plays will be performed in the lecture halls of the science and engineering building for an audience of university students, local high school students, and community members.****TECHNICAL ABSTRACT****A Bose-Einstein condensate is a rare example of a quantum coherent state of matter. Particles must first pair to form bosons, and then at low enough temperatures, these bosons condense into a single coherent wave-like ground state characterized collectively by a single order parameter. In aluminum arsenide, electrons have an extra label called the valley index, and it is the goal of this Faculty Early Career Development project at Northwestern University to apply high magnetic fields and low temperatures to a single quantum well of aluminum arsenide to induce the electrons from different valleys to pair and Bose-condense. Discovering and studying new realizations of quantum condensates will deepen our understanding of quantum coherence, and the technology developed along the way may illuminate new concepts for quantum information storage and manipulation. The educational component of this project will train both graduate and undergraduate students in the techniques of solid-state research. The outreach element will bring science into the public eye by coordinating the efforts of students and faculty in the theater, engineering, and science departments to present scientifically themed plays. The plays will be performed in the lecture halls of the science and engineering building for an audience of university students, local high school students, and community members.