Microbial Genome Sequencing: Insight into the Evolutionary History of Bacilus Subtilis Through Whole Genome Sequencing

这是一个枯草芽孢杆菌属细菌的比较基因组测序项目。枯草杆菌可分为两大亚群：168和W23。到目前为止，唯一可用的基因组序列是168个已广泛适应实验室条件的群体的代表。这种适应过程，包括连续传代和X射线照射，已经导致该物种新分离的环境成员表现出的一些与生态相关的社会行为的丧失。为了充分了解这一重要模式生物的多样性，我们将使用全基因组鸟枪测序方法对另外四个枯草杆菌分离物进行基因组测序：枯草杆菌TU-B-10(W23组的模式菌株)、莫氏芽孢杆菌RO-H-1(与小麦枯萎病、碳氢化合物回收和新的抗真菌特性密切相关)、枯草杆菌NCIB3610(枯草杆菌168的祖先)和枯草杆菌RO-NN-1(168组中的一个新的环境菌株，其基因组比其他枯草杆菌菌株更大)。枯草芽孢杆菌是仅次于大肠杆菌的第二大研究微生物。它是20,000多种科学出版物的主题，也是许多生物过程的模式生物。目前有20多个基因组序列可用或正在进行中，而枯草杆菌只有一个基因组序列。对这些基因组序列的比较分析将更好地洞察这种重要模式生物的进化。更重要的是，获得这些序列将更好地服务于大型和国际科学界(学术、工业和生物防御)。该项目还将包括对博士后和本科生进行大量培训，以及开发枯草杆菌比较基因组学网站。

This is a comparative genome sequencing project of bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis group. B. subtilis can be divided into two major subgroups:168 and W23. The only genome sequence available to date is a representative of the 168 group that has been extensively adapted to laboratory conditions. This adaptive process, which includes serial passaging and X-ray irradiation, has resulted in the loss of a number of ecologically-relevant social behaviors exhibited by newly isolated environmental members of this species. To fully appreciate the diversity within this important model organism a whole genome shotgun sequencing approach will be used to sequence the genome of an additional four B. subtilis isolates: B. subtilis TU-B-10 (type strain of the W23 group), Bacillus mojavensis RO-H-1 (close relative associated with wheat blight, hydrocarbon recovery and novel antifungal properties), B. subtilis NCIB3610 (the ancestor to B. subtilis 168) and B. subtilis RO-NN-1 (a recent environmental isolate within the 168 group that has a larger genome than other B. subtilis strains). Bacillus subtilis is the second most studied microbe after Escherichia coli. It is the subject of more that 20,000 scientific publications and a model organism for many biological processes. Currently there are more than 20 genome sequences available or in progress for E. coli and only one genome sequence for B. subtilis. The comparative analysis of these genome sequences will generate a better insight into the evolution of this important model organism. More significantly, the large and international scientific community (academic,industrial and biodefense) will be better served by having access to these sequences. The project will also involve significant training at the postdoctoral and undergraduate levels, and the development of a website of B. subtilis comparative genomics.