Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program

南极自动气象站（AWS）网络是南极大陆上最广泛的气象观测系统，它于1978年首次建立，目前已有30年的历史。它作为长期观测记录的主要焦点对于测量南极大气的近地表气候学至关重要。自动气象站的测量装置在3米的名义表面高度测量空气温度、压力、风速和风向。其他参数，如相对湿度和积雪也可以采取。来自AWS的观测数据通过NOAA或MetOp极轨道卫星上的DCS Argos系统收集，从而通过GTS（全球电信系统）以接近真实的时间提供给业务和天气预报员。来自AWS网络的地面观测也经常用于检查卫星和遥感观测以及全球气候模型（GCM）的模拟。 在该项目中使用该系统的研究实例包括继续发展南极大气气候学和罗斯冰架表面风研究，AWS观测有利于更广泛的地球系统科学界，支持从古气候研究到企鹅物候学的研究活动。

AbstractThe Antarctic Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network, first commenced in 1978, is the most extensive meteorological observing system on the Antarctic continent, approaching its 30th year at many of its key sites. Its prime focus as a long term observational record is vital to the measurement of the near surface climatology of the Antarctic atmosphere. AWS units measure air-temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction at a nominal surface height of 3m. Other parameters such as relative humidity and snow accumulation may also be taken. Observational data from the AWS are collected via the DCS Argos system aboard either NOAA or MetOp polar orbiting satellites and thus made available globally, in near real time via the GTS (Global Telecommunications System), to operational and synoptic weather forecasters. The surface observations from the AWS network also are often used to check on satellite and remote sensing observations, and the simulations of Global Climate Models (GCMs). Research instances of its use in this project include continued development of the climatology of the Antarctic atmosphere and surface wind studies of the Ross Ice Shelf.The AWS observations benefit the broader earth system science community, supporting research activities ranging from paleoclimate studies to penguin phenology.