HCC: Small: Culture,Technology and Wellness: Approaches to Improving the Health and Wellness of US Americans

这项研究的目标是审查将特定于文化的价值观纳入与健康相关的信息和通信技术可如何增加采用这些价值观的可能性，以及这些特定于文化的价值观如何影响其实际使用。这项研究位于两个研究推动力的交汇点，这两个研究推动力在以人为中心的计算中获得了势头，并为两者的智力发展做出了贡献。首先，这项拟议的研究通过在应用程序的设计中明确考虑特定于文化的价值，为以人为中心的健康信息和通信技术研究领域做出了贡献。美国的医学证据表明，除非与文化相关，否则健康干预很可能不会成功。然而，到目前为止，很少有研究试图将特定于文化的价值观明确地融入设计中，或者评估正在使用的价值敏感系统。这项研究的结果将展示如何将不同的价值设计到卫生信息和通信技术中，以及这如何影响它们的使用。它还将体现当前卫生信息和通信技术所隐含的价值。其次，有一系列研究(主要是人机交互促进发展(HCI4D))认为，在设计信息和传播技术时必须明确考虑到文化，这样才能取得成功。当考虑到这一点时，可能会产生重大创新。这篇文献提出了一个令人信服的理由，明确说明了美国以外的文化，但同时也指出了一个令人惊讶的遗漏：关于美国境内文化多样性对ICT影响的知识。这项研究通过展示对文化价值观的明确关注如何导致健康和健康的社会技术体系的变革，解决了这一差距。此外，正如在HCI4D文献中所报告的那样，对特定文化价值的关注也提供了机会，以反思指导以人为中心的研究的方法、框架和系统中嵌入的假设。该项目将专注于三个领域，每个领域回答不同的研究问题。1)价值发现的影响以及纳入这些价值的信通技术的设计和评估。系统有价值这一想法是在HCC内部的一个既定的研究发现。价值敏感设计(VSD)明确主张在系统设计中考虑价值。这项拟议的工作将把对设计中的价值的研究带入健康领域，方法是经验性地确定价值，并将其设计成提供与文化相关的健康信息的信通技术。对每项干预措施的评估将侧重于采用和拒绝模式，特别关注与系统中设计的价值观有关的使用(或不使用)模式。2)文化上截然不同的合作模式的影响。协作是健康的重要组成部分；朋友和家人的支持是对个人健康管理的补充-S健康管理。然而，公共卫生研究人员发现，在不同的亚文化中，合作，特别是合作，从家庭延伸到社区。这些结果表明，有机会通过询问围绕卫生实践的互动的性质和模式来完善我们对合作的理解。问题集中在共享什么、谁在与谁通信以及如何与谁通信，以及信息和通信技术在哪里最有希望支持现有的协作模式以及开发全新的协作模式。3)基础设施差异如何为变革性解决方案提供机会。公共卫生研究表明，为文化量身定做的卫生创新在低收入少数民族社区尤为重要。但报告表明，这些社区对信息和通信技术的采用正在增加，而且由于基础设施的差异，不同类型的系统正在被使用。

The goal of this research is to examine how the incorporation of culturally specific values into health-related ICTs might increase the likelihood of their adoption, as well as how those culturally specific values bear on their practical use. This research sits at the intersection of two research thrusts that are gaining momentum within Human Centered Computing, and contribute to the intellectual development of both. First, this proposed research contributes to the human-centered health ICT research domain by explicitly accounting for culturally specific values in the design of applications. Medical evidence in the U.S. shows that health interventions will likely not succeed unless they are culturally relevant. And yet, little research to date has attempted to explicitly incorporate culturally specific values into design, or has evaluated value-sensitive systems in use. Results of this research will show how different values can be designed into health ICTs, and how that affects their usage. It will also surface the values implicit in current health ICTs. Second, there is a body of research (largely in Human Computer Interaction for Development (HCI4D)) that argues that culture must be explicitly taken into account in the design of ICTs for them to succeed. When it is accounted for, significant innovations can result. This literature makes a compelling case for explicitly accounting for cultures outside the United States, but simultaneously points to a surprising omission: knowledge about the ICT implications of cultural diversity within the United States. This research addresses that gap by showing how explicit attention to cultural values can lead to transformative socio-technical systems for health and wellness. Further, as has been reported within the HCI4D literature, focus on culturally specific values also provides opportunities to reflect on assumptions embedded within the methods, frameworks and systems that guide human-centered research. The project will focus on three areas, each answering different research questions. 1) Impact of value discovery and the design and evaluation of ICTs that incorporate those values. The idea that systems have values is an established research finding within HCC. Value Sensitive Design (VSD) explicitly argues for accounting for values in the design of systems. The proposed work will bring research on values in design into the health domain by empirically identifying values and designing them into ICTs that provide culturally relevant health information. Evaluations of each intervention will focus on adoption and rejection patterns with particular focus on use (or not) as related to the values designed into the system. 2) Impact of culturally distinct patterns of collaboration. Collaboration is an essential component of health; support of friends and family complements an individual?s health management. However, public health researchers find that collaboration, particularly cooperation, extends beyond the family to the community in various sub-cultures. These results suggest that opportunities exist to refine our understanding of collaboration, by asking questions about the nature and patterns of interactions surrounding health practices. Questions focus on what is being shared, who is communicating with whom and how, and where ICTs have the most promise for supporting existing modes of collaboration as well as developing entirely new ones.3) How infrastructure differences present an opportunity for transformative solutions. Public health research suggests that culturally tailored health innovations are particularly important in low-income minority communities. But reports suggest that ICT adoption is increasing among these communities, and also that different types of systems are being appropriated because of the differences in infrastructure.