Detailed Surface Engineering and Electrical Characterization of pi-Functionalized Graphene Sheets and Ribbons with Preserved Lattice and Electronic Characteristics

该奖项的研究目标是描述石墨烯功能化的新途径，同时保留其平面晶格结构和高电子密度，并研究由此产生的电学和结构特性以及特性相关性。石墨烯表现出广泛的优越量子力学性能。在不破坏其特性的情况下，其精心的表面工程处理使其能够结合到多种应用中。本研究将建立以下功能化途径，以最小限度地改变石墨烯的晶格和电子性质：(1)金属-芳香配位键与金属羰基；(2) pi-pi与多环芳烃及其衍生物的生物分子和其他基团的界面。可交付成果包括：(a)详细的结构表征：功能化密度、晶体学、原子质量（金属）和官能团电负性的影响；(b)详细的电特性：载流子迁移率、载流子密度、散射长度尺度、带隙和载流子输运机制；(c)定义功能化对石墨烯电性能影响的相关性、理论和模型；(d)将研究结果纳入工程专业学生的教育。关于eta-6和pi功能化石墨烯的基本细节将被揭开；并建立各自的光谱特征（拉曼、XPS和UV-Vis）。研究结果将用于制定进一步提高石墨烯功能化的策略。金属和半导体纳米材料的表面功能化已经彻底改变了科学技术。然而，石墨烯的功能化仍然具有挑战性。如果成功，这项研究将为石墨烯的功能化及其与物理和生物组分的连接提供新的、非降解的途径；从而拓宽了其应用范围。研究结果将直接促进fet的传感器应用和栅极制造。堪萨斯州立大学的纳米技术基地将通过课程开发得到加强。与现有的针对7至12年级女生的大学外展项目（EXCITE， GROW）合作，将对女性/代表性不足的学生参与工程专业产生积极影响。通过协同合作，为研究生提供在国家实验室和其他研究小组进行多学科培训的机会，将拓宽研究生的视野。

The research objective of this award is to characterize novel routes to functionalize graphene, while preserving its planar lattice structure and high electron density, and to study the resultant electrical and structural properties and property-correlations. Graphene exhibits a wide range of superior quantum-mechanical properties. Its careful surface-engineering without corrupting its properties can enable its incorporation into several applications. This research will establish the following functionalization routes to minimally alter graphene's lattice and electronic properties: (1) metal-aromatic coordination bonding with metal carbonyls; and (2) pi-pi interfacing with polycyclic aromatics and their derivatives of biomolecules and other groups. The deliverables include: (a) detailed structural characterization: functionalization density, crystallography, and the effect of atomic mass (metal) and electronegativity of functional group; (b) detailed electrical characterization: carrier mobility, carrier density, scattering length scales, band-gap, and the carrier transport mechanism; (c) correlations, theories, and models defining the effect of functionalization on the electrical properties of graphene; and (d) incorporation of the results into engineering student education. Fundamental details about eta-6 and pi functionalized graphene will be uncovered; and their respective spectrometric signatures (Raman, XPS and UV-Vis) will be established. The results will be applied to develop strategies to further improve graphene-functionalization.Surface-functionalization of metal and semiconducting nanomaterials has revolutionized science and technology. However, functionalization of graphene is still challenging. If successful, this research will provide novel, non-degrading routes for functionalization of graphene and for interfacing it with physical and biological components; thus, broadening its scope of applications. Results will directly facilitate sensor applications and gate-fabrication for FETs. The nanotechnology base at Kansas State University will be strengthened by development of curricula. The participation of women/underrepresented students in engineering will be positively influenced by collaboration with existing university outreach programs (EXCITE, GROW) for 7th to 12th grade girls. The perspective of graduate students will be broadened by providing exposure to multidisciplinary training in national labs and other research groups through synergistic collaborations.