GOALI/EFRI-RESTOR Novel Compressed Air Approach for Off Shore Wind Energy Storage

该研究的重点是开发一种本地化的压缩空气方法，用于存储海上风力涡轮机的多余能量，以大幅缓解白天的电力供需失衡。 在当前的方法中，在电力转换之前的能量被存储，并且几乎等温地操作的高效压缩机/膨胀机直接用于能量存储和提取。 这种新颖的方法避免了与多次转换相关联的损耗，并允许发电机和传输线的尺寸大大减小。这种方法缺少的关键使能技术是能够具有非常高的压力比的高效且功率密集的气动（空气）压缩机/膨胀机。在该项目中，这种压缩机/膨胀机设计结合了液体活塞概念和微小水滴的主动喷射以实现其传热要求。为了确保在存在高表面积和流速的情况下的高效率，将采用纳米纹理表面来减少液体活塞上的摩擦阻力。将开发控制方法以优化组件？以及整体系统效率。 该研究将对这些领域做出根本性的贡献，例如：耦合矩阵介质中的多相对流传热以及液滴和薄雾;液体/空气自由表面的动力学;用于减阻的纳米纹理表面;新一代高效的风力涡轮机发电机，使用海水/湖水;以及复杂系统的最佳控制。 就更广泛的影响而言，通过允许经济地存储多余的能量，该研究将显著增加海上风力涡轮机的可用能量，而目前可用的能量存储经济选项是不可行的。这将是美国实现到2030年风能占20%的目标的重要一步。行业合作伙伴的积极参与加快了生产和市场采用的步伐。工程系统的重点和研究的跨学科性质将影响本科生和研究生的工程课程，并将在新一代工程研究人员和从业者的教育与解决问题的广泛技能和跨学科的观点。该项目将受益于与美国国家科学基金会紧凑高效流体动力工程研究中心和明尼苏达大学新成立的能源部资助的风力涡轮机研究联盟的密切合作，包括研究、教育和推广。支持该项目的2010财年EFRI-RESTOR主题由美国国家科学基金会（NSF）工程理事会（ENG）赞助，数学和物理科学（MPS）和社会，行为和经济科学（SBE），以及计算机&信息科学与工程与美国能源部（DOE）合作。

The research is focused on developing a localized compressed air approach for storing excess energy from off-shore wind turbines to dramatically alleviate power supply and demand imbalances during the day. In the current approach, the energy prior to electricity conversion is stored, and an efficient compressor/expander that operates nearly isothermally is used directly for energy storage and extraction. This novel approach avoids losses associated with multiple conversions and allows the electrical generator and the transmission lines to be substantially down-sized. The key missing enabling technology for this approach is an efficient and power dense pneumatic (air) compressor/expander capable of very high pressure ratios. In this project this compressor/expander design combines a liquid piston concept and the active spraying of tiny water droplets to achieve its heat transfer requirements. To ensure high efficiency in the presence of high surface areas and flow velocities, a nanotextured surface will be employed to reduce the frictional drag on the liquid piston. Control methodology will be developed to optimize components? and overall system efficiencies. The research will make fundamental contributions to these individual fields such as: multiphase convective heat transfer in a coupled matrix media and with droplets and mist; dynamics of liquid/air free surface; nanotextured surfaces for drag reduction; a new generation of efficient wind turbine power generators that operate with sea / lake water; and optimal control of complex systems. In terms of the broader impacts, by allowing economical storage of excess energy, the research will significantly increase the energy available from off-shore wind turbines where currently available economical options for energy storage are not feasible. This will be a major step towards the US goal of deriving 20% energy from wind by 2030. Active participation by the industry partner enhances the pace of production and market adoption. The engineering system focus and interdisciplinary nature of the research will impact undergraduate and graduate engineering curriculum and will be employed in the education of a new generation of engineering researchers and practitioners with broad skill and interdisciplinary perspectives on problem solving. This project will benefit, in research, education and outreach, from close collaboration with the NSF Engineering Research Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power and the newly formed DOE funded Wind Turbine Research Consortium at the University of Minnesota.The FY 2010 EFRI-RESTOR Topic that supports this project was sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorates for Engineering (ENG), Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) and Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), and Computer & Information Science and Engineering in collaboration with the US Department of Energy (DOE).