Collaborative Reasearch: CEDAR--Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes and Instability Studies Using Coupled Lidar, Temperature Mapper and Modeling Studies at ALOMAR and Cerra Pachon

研究人员将进行全面的实验研究，目的是量化重力波(GW)动量传输和GW不稳定动力学，这些动力学驱动着中间层和低热层(MLT)中的能量和动量沉积和能量传输。水平尺度小、振幅和动量通量大的GWS提供了MLT中的大部分平均和可变强迫，这些强迫在空间和时间上都有很大的变化。对这种强迫和可变性的理解是高度不确定的，但在MLT的大规模模拟中以及在整个大气中，这对于这种动力学的参数化是极其重要的。对于相关领域的大气环流模式(GCM)、气候模式和数值天气预报(NWP)模式来说，同样的参数化需求也是至关重要的。为了尽可能充分地量化这些GW和不稳定动力学以及它们的平均和可变强迫，研究人员将在仅有的两个能够以最完整和定量的方式定义这些动力学的地点使用仪器套件。低纬度测量将使用智利新的塞罗帕雄天文台(30°S)的综合仪器；高纬度测量将使用挪威北部阿洛马天文台(69°N)的更广泛的仪器套件。这些仪器套件允许最完整和多余的GW、不稳定性和量化GW振幅、动量通量和不稳定动力学所需的平均参数的规格。GWS在推动MLT的平均和可变结构方面的公认作用使人们能够理解它们的各种贡献，并能够模拟它们的影响，这是高度优先的。这些动力学还影响从潮汐和行星波结构和动力学到次要物种运输等广泛的其他过程。准确描述这种影响的需要也对气候变化、对变化的太阳强迫的反应和空间天气的建模具有更广泛的影响。

The investigators will conduct comprehensive experimental studies aimed at quantifying gravity wave (GW) momentum transport and the GW instability dynamics that drive energy and momentum deposition and energy transfers in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). GWs having small horizontal scales and large amplitudes and momentum fluxes provide the majority of the mean and variable forcing in the MLT, and these vary significantly in space and time. Understanding of this forcing and variability is highly uncertain, but it is extremely important for parameterization of such dynamics in large-scale modeling of the MLT, and throughout the atmosphere. The same parameterization needs are also critical for general circulation models (GCMs), climate models, and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models in related fields. To quantify these GW and instability dynamics and their mean and variable forcing as fully as possible, the investigators will employ instrument suites at the only two sites able to define these dynamics in the most complete and quantitative manner. Low-latitude measurements will use the comprehensive instrumentation of the new Cerro Pachon Observatory in Chile (30°S); high-latitude measurements will employ the even more extensive suite of instrumentation at the ALOMAR observatory in northern Norway (69°N).These instrument suites permit the most complete, and redundant, specification of the GW, instability, and mean parameters needed to quantify GW amplitudes, momentum fluxes, and instability dynamics at any site. The recognized role of GWs in driving the mean and variable structure of the MLT makes an understanding of their various contributions, and an ability to model their effects, a high priority. These dynamics also influence a wide range of other processes ranging from tidal and planetary wave structures and dynamics to minor species transport. The need to describe such effects accurately also has broader implications for modeling climate change, responses to variable solar forcing, and Space Weather.