Collaborative Reasearch: CEDAR--Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes and Instability Studies Using Coupled Lidar, Temperature Mapper and Modeling Studies at ALOMAR and Cerra Pachon

研究人员将进行全面的实验研究，旨在量化重力波（GW）动量传输和GW不稳定动力学，这些动力学驱动中间层和低热层（MLT）中的能量和动量沉积以及能量转移。具有小的水平尺度和大的振幅和动量通量的全球Ws提供了MLT中的大部分平均和可变强迫，并且这些在空间和时间上变化显着。对这种强迫和变率的理解是高度不确定的，但它对于在MLT和整个大气的大尺度模拟中对这种动力学进行参数化是极其重要的。同样的参数化需求对于相关领域的大气环流模式（GCM）、气候模式和数值天气预报（NWP）模式也至关重要。为了尽可能全面地量化这些GW和不稳定动力学及其平均和可变强迫，研究人员将在仅有的两个站点使用能够以最完整和定量的方式定义这些动力学的仪器套件。低纬度测量将使用智利新的Cerro Pachon天文台的综合仪器（南纬30度）;高纬度的测量将使用挪威北方（北纬69°）的ALOMAR天文台的一套更广泛的仪器。这些仪器套件允许对GW、不稳定性和量化GW振幅、动量通量和不稳定的动力学。公认的作用GWs在驱动MLT的均值和变量结构，使他们的各种贡献的理解，并有能力模拟其影响，一个高度优先。这些动力学也影响到从潮汐和行星波结构和动力学到小物种迁移的广泛的其他过程。准确描述这种效应的需要也对气候变化建模、对可变太阳强迫的响应和空间天气具有更广泛的影响。

The investigators will conduct comprehensive experimental studies aimed at quantifying gravity wave (GW) momentum transport and the GW instability dynamics that drive energy and momentum deposition and energy transfers in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). GWs having small horizontal scales and large amplitudes and momentum fluxes provide the majority of the mean and variable forcing in the MLT, and these vary significantly in space and time. Understanding of this forcing and variability is highly uncertain, but it is extremely important for parameterization of such dynamics in large-scale modeling of the MLT, and throughout the atmosphere. The same parameterization needs are also critical for general circulation models (GCMs), climate models, and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models in related fields. To quantify these GW and instability dynamics and their mean and variable forcing as fully as possible, the investigators will employ instrument suites at the only two sites able to define these dynamics in the most complete and quantitative manner. Low-latitude measurements will use the comprehensive instrumentation of the new Cerro Pachon Observatory in Chile (30°S); high-latitude measurements will employ the even more extensive suite of instrumentation at the ALOMAR observatory in northern Norway (69°N).These instrument suites permit the most complete, and redundant, specification of the GW, instability, and mean parameters needed to quantify GW amplitudes, momentum fluxes, and instability dynamics at any site. The recognized role of GWs in driving the mean and variable structure of the MLT makes an understanding of their various contributions, and an ability to model their effects, a high priority. These dynamics also influence a wide range of other processes ranging from tidal and planetary wave structures and dynamics to minor species transport. The need to describe such effects accurately also has broader implications for modeling climate change, responses to variable solar forcing, and Space Weather.