Collaborative Research: Development of Airborne Lidar and Temperature Mapper "Facility" Instruments for the NSF GV and Measurements during SAANGRIA

研究人员将建造一个大气激光雷达仪器和一个气辉成像仪，用于部署在NSF/NCAR Gulfstream-V（NGV）飞机上。这些仪器的目的是进行重要的测量，研究内部重力波（GWs）在大气动力学中的影响，以及它们影响的化学，微物理和等离子体过程。在平流层，GW效应包括飞行高度的严重湍流，造成有助于臭氧破坏的极地平流层云，以及对大规模环流的系统性影响。大规模的全球Ws也有类似的，但在很大程度上是未知的，延伸到热层和电离层的影响。南安第斯山脉--南极重力波倡议（SAANGRIA）是一个计划，将使用NGV研究飞机测量南安第斯山脉、德雷克海峡和南极半岛上空的重力波效应，南极半岛被认为是地球上GW强迫最活跃的动态区域。目前的NGV仪器非常适合低层大气SAANGRIA观测，但没有充分处理气候和中间层-低热层科学专题。 新的平流层、中间层和低热层NGV仪器将包括瑞利和共振激光雷达以及中间层温度测绘仪，该测绘仪将测量NGV飞行高度（~13公里）以上至~100公里的温度和垂直风。这些仪器此后将继续作为NGV“设施”仪器，从而大大提高了NCAR设施在未来NSF研究人员飞行计划中的科学效益。从这些测量中获得的信息将有助于改善数值天气预报，大气环流建模和气候研究，从而使研究界和社会受益。

The investigators will build an atmospheric lidar instrument and an airglow imager for deployment on the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream-V (NGV) aircraft. The instruments are designed to make measurements important for studying the impacts of internal gravity waves (GWs) in atmospheric dynamics, and in the chemical, microphysical, and plasma processes they influence. In the stratosphere, GW effects include severe turbulence at flight altitudes, creation of polar stratospheric clouds that contribute to ozone destruction, and systematic influences on the large-scale circulation. Large-scale GWs also have similar, but largely unknown, effects extending well into the thermosphere and ionosphere. The Southern Andes -- ANtarctic GRavity wave InitiAtive (SAANGRIA) is a program that would employ the NGV research aircraft to measure gravity wave effects over the southern Andes, the Drake Passage, and the Antarctic Peninsula, which is believed to be the most dynamically active region on Earth in terms of GW forcing.Current NGV instruments are well suited to lower atmosphere SAANGRIA observations, but do not address climate and mesosphere-lower thermosphere science topics fully. The new stratospheric and mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) NGV instruments would include Rayleigh and resonance lidars and a Mesospheric Temperature Mapper that would measure temperatures and vertical winds spanning altitudes from immediately above the NGV flight altitude (~13 km) to ~100 km. These instruments will remain as NGV "facility" instruments thereafter, thus greatly enhancing the scientific benefits of the NCAR facilities for flight programs by NSF investigators in the future. The information obtained from these measurements will benefit the research community and society by helping to improve numerical weather prediction, general circulation modeling, and climate studies.