Collaborative Reasearch: CEDAR--Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes and Instability Studies Using Coupled Lidar, Temperature Mapper and Modeling Studies at ALOMAR and Cerra Pachon

研究人员将进行全面的实验研究，旨在量化重力波（GW）动量传输和驱动中间层和低热层（MLT）能量和动量沉积以及能量转移的重力波不稳定性动力学。具有小水平尺度、大振幅和动量通量的引力波提供了 MLT 中的大部分平均和可变强迫，并且这些强迫在空间和时间上变化很大。对这种强迫和变化的理解是高度不确定的，但它对于 MLT 和整个大气的大规模建模中的这种动力学参数化极其重要。同样的参数化需求对于相关领域的大气环流模型（GCM）、气候模型和数值天气预报（NWP）模型也至关重要。为了尽可能全面地量化这些引力波和不稳定性动态及其平均和变量强迫，研究人员将在仅有的两个能够以最完整和定量的方式定义这些动态的地点使用仪器套件。低纬度测量将使用智利新的帕雄山天文台（南纬30°）的综合仪器；高纬度测量将在挪威北部（北纬 69°）的 ALOMAR 天文台使用更广泛的仪器套件。这些仪器套件可以提供最完整、冗余的引力波规范、不稳定性以及量化任何地点的引力波振幅、动量通量和不稳定性动力学所需的平均参数。 GW 在驱动 MLT 的平均和变量结构方面的公认作用使得理解它们的各种贡献以及对其影响进行建模的能力成为重中之重。这些动力学还影响广泛的其他过程，从潮汐和行星波浪结构和动力学到次要物种迁移。准确描述此类效应的需要对于气候变化建模、对可变太阳强迫的响应以及空间天气也具有更广泛的影响。

The investigators will conduct comprehensive experimental studies aimed at quantifying gravity wave (GW) momentum transport and the GW instability dynamics that drive energy and momentum deposition and energy transfers in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). GWs having small horizontal scales and large amplitudes and momentum fluxes provide the majority of the mean and variable forcing in the MLT, and these vary significantly in space and time. Understanding of this forcing and variability is highly uncertain, but it is extremely important for parameterization of such dynamics in large-scale modeling of the MLT, and throughout the atmosphere. The same parameterization needs are also critical for general circulation models (GCMs), climate models, and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models in related fields. To quantify these GW and instability dynamics and their mean and variable forcing as fully as possible, the investigators will employ instrument suites at the only two sites able to define these dynamics in the most complete and quantitative manner. Low-latitude measurements will use the comprehensive instrumentation of the new Cerro Pachon Observatory in Chile (30°S); high-latitude measurements will employ the even more extensive suite of instrumentation at the ALOMAR observatory in northern Norway (69°N).These instrument suites permit the most complete, and redundant, specification of the GW, instability, and mean parameters needed to quantify GW amplitudes, momentum fluxes, and instability dynamics at any site. The recognized role of GWs in driving the mean and variable structure of the MLT makes an understanding of their various contributions, and an ability to model their effects, a high priority. These dynamics also influence a wide range of other processes ranging from tidal and planetary wave structures and dynamics to minor species transport. The need to describe such effects accurately also has broader implications for modeling climate change, responses to variable solar forcing, and Space Weather.