Effects of host-use traits on RNA virus evolvability

宿主使用特征对 RNA 病毒进化能力的影响

• 批准号: 1051093
• 负责人: Paul Turner
• 金额: $ 75万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1051093&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; host; use; traits; RNA

Whereas some viruses can easily shift to infect new host populations, other viruses remain confined to their original host. This research examines the environmental factors that cause viruses to be specialists that infect few hosts or generalists that attack a variety of hosts. This goal is accomplished using experimental evolution of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in laboratory culture. The first major objective is to determine how virus traits evolve when viruses adapt to using single versus multiple hosts, especially whether evolution is constrained such that some traits must be modified by natural selection before others can undergo change. The second major objective is to determine whether specialist and generalist viruses differ in their probability of evolving to emerge on new hosts such as humans, and whether adaptations specifically for surviving outside of hosts alter the likelihood of successfully infecting new hosts. The project results can be applied to several systems because viruses are important disease agents in wild and domesticated populations of animals and plants. The project virus resembles many vector-borne human viruses (such as West Nile Fever Virus); thus, the project should help elucidate environmental factors promoting viral host shifts into human populations. The project will involve the training of undergraduate students and outreach to the New Haven Public Schools with a particular focus on recruiting and mentoring minority students.

尽管某些病毒很容易转移以感染新的宿主种群，但其他病毒仍然局限于其原始宿主。这项研究研究了导致病毒是感染少数宿主或通才的专家的环境因素。该目标是使用实验室培养中囊泡气孔病毒的实验进化来实现的。 第一个主要目标是确定病毒特征在病毒适应使用单个宿主和多个宿主时如何发展，尤其是进化是否受到限制，以使某些特征必须通过自然选择来修改，而其他人则可以改变其他特征。第二个主要目标是确定专家和通才病毒的发展可能在人类等新宿主上出现的可能性有所不同，以及专门用于在宿主之外生存的适应是否会改变成功感染新宿主的可能性。该项目的结果可以应用于多个系统，因为病毒是动物和植物野生和驯化种群中重要的疾病药物。该项目病毒类似于许多载体传播的人类病毒（例如西尼罗河发烧病毒）；因此，该项目应有助于阐明促进病毒宿主转移到人类种群的环境因素。该项目将涉及对本科生的培训，并向纽黑文公立学校进行宣传，特别着眼于招募和指导少数民族学生。