RUI: Particle Dynamics: Swimming Cells and Sheared Particulate Materials

RUI：粒子动力学：游泳细胞和剪切颗粒材料

• 批准号: 1104705
• 负责人: Paulo Arratia
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: Haverford College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1104705&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Particle; Dynamics; Swimming; Cells

*****TECHNICAL ABSTRACT*****This project utilizes the tracking of particles and cells for novel investigations of complex nonlinear systems. One project is a study of the fluid dynamics of swimming single celled swimming organisms that utilize molecular motors contained within twin flagella to propel themselves through a fluid. Investigations are planned of the induced velocity fields and mixing produced by swimming cells, their interactions with each other, collective behavior, the mechanics of the deforming flagella, and the confinement of cells by light. This work will extend our understanding of the fluid dynamics and statistical physics of microorganisms. A second investigation explores the deformation and failure of sheared layers of cohesive particles, which provides a promising model system for understanding the mechanical failure of disordered solids. This work includes the training of undergraduate investigators learning how to conduct independent research and postdoctoral scholars learning how to mentor students successfully. The work on swimmers is connected to certain diseases involving abnormalities of flagellar function, and the work on failure modes of packings can contribute to the improvement of particulate-based materials. *********NON-TECHNICAL ABSTRACT*********This project utilizes the video tracking of particles and biological cells for novel investigations of complex systems. One project explores the behavior of swimming single-celled organisms that utilize molecular motors contained within protrusions called flagella to propel themselves through the surrounding fluid. This work may eventually lead to insight into diseases involving abnormalities of flagellar function. Investigations are planned of the fluid mixing produced by swimming cells, their interactions with each other, the deformations of their flagella, and their confinement by light. A second investigation studies the deformation and breaking of layers of cohesive particles, which could contribute to the design of solids that are especially strong. All of this work includes undergraduate investigators learning how to conduct independent research and postdoctoral scholars learning how to mentor students successfully. The Principal Investigator is also deeply involved in projects designed to improve undergraduate physics education.

*****技术摘要*****这个项目利用粒子和细胞跟踪复杂非线性系统的新研究。其中一个项目是研究游泳的单细胞游泳生物的流体动力学，这些生物利用双鞭毛中的分子马达推动自己通过流体。研究人员计划研究游动细胞产生的诱导速度场和混合、它们之间的相互作用、集体行为、变形鞭毛的机制以及细胞受光的限制。这项工作将扩展我们对微生物的流体动力学和统计物理的理解。第二项研究探讨了黏合颗粒剪切层的变形和破坏，这为理解无序固体的力学破坏提供了一个有前途的模型系统。这项工作包括培养学习如何进行独立研究的本科生研究者和学习如何成功指导学生的博士后学者。对游泳运动员的研究与某些涉及鞭毛功能异常的疾病有关，而对包装失效模式的研究有助于改进颗粒基材料。*********非技术摘要*********该项目利用粒子和生物细胞的视频跟踪进行复杂系统的新研究。其中一个项目探索了游泳的单细胞生物的行为，它们利用鞭毛突起中的分子马达推动自己穿过周围的液体。这项工作可能最终导致深入了解涉及鞭毛功能异常的疾病。研究人员计划对游动细胞产生的流体混合、它们之间的相互作用、鞭毛的变形以及它们受光的限制进行研究。第二项研究研究了黏合颗粒层的变形和破裂，这可能有助于设计特别坚固的固体。所有这些工作包括本科生研究人员学习如何进行独立研究，博士后学者学习如何成功地指导学生。首席研究员还深入参与旨在改善本科物理教育的项目。