TC: Small: THWART: Trojan Hardware in Wireless ICs - Analysis and Remedies for Trust

为了提高无线集成电路的可信性，本项目研究了模拟/射频域的硬件特洛伊木马问题。硬件特洛伊木马是恶意对制造的集成电路进行的修改，使其能够具有设计者和用户未知的附加功能，但攻击者可以在芯片部署后利用这些功能来破坏或使其失效，或窃取敏感信息。这项研究的动机有两个：首先，部分原因是设计外包和制造转移到全球低成本地区，部分原因是对外部知识产权和设计自动化软件的依赖增加，集成电路供应链现在被认为比以往任何时候都更容易受到此类恶意修改的影响。其次，无线集成电路构成了现代电子系统不可或缺的一部分，它们在公共通道上传输数据(可能是加密的)的能力使它们成为主要的攻击目标。为了解决这一问题，本项目的重点是(I)描述硬件特洛伊木马在无线密码IC中的威胁和潜在影响，(Ii)阐明现有测试方法在暴露硬件特洛伊木马方面的缺陷，(Iii)开发混淆芯片设计和使硬件特洛伊木马开发复杂化的预防对策，以及(Iv)设计基于统计分析和机器学习的高效硬件特洛伊木马检测方法。这项研究的预期影响在于更好地了解硬件特洛伊木马威胁和开发适当的补救措施，从而能够安全地部署无线集成电路并培养技术可信度。

Towards enhancing trustworthiness of wireless integrated circuits, this project investigates the problem of hardware Trojans in the analog/RF domain. Hardware Trojans are maliciously-intended modifications to fabricated integrated circuits, making them capable of additional functionality which is unknown to the designer and user, but which can be exploited by the perpetrator after chip deployment to sabotage or incapacitate it, or to steal sensitive information. The motivation for this research is two-fold: First, partly because of design outsourcing and migration of fabrication to low-cost areas across the globe, and partly because of increased reliance on external intellectual property and design automation software, the integrated circuit supply chain is now considered far more vulnerable to such malicious modifications than ever before. Second, wireless integrated circuits constitute an indispensable part of modern electronic systems and their ability to communicate data (possibly encrypted) over public channels makes them a prime attack candidate. To address this problem, this project focuses on (i) delineating the threat and potential impact of hardware Trojans in wireless cryptographic ICs, (ii) elucidating the shortcomings of existing test methods in exposing them, (iii) developing preventive countermeasures for obfuscating the chip design and complicating the development of hardware Trojans, and (iv) devising efficient hardware Trojan detection methods based on statistical analysis and machine learning. The anticipated impact of this research lies in the attainment of a better understanding of the hardware Trojan threat and in the development of appropriate remedies, thus enabling secure deployment of wireless integrated circuits and fostering technology trustworthiness.