Expanding Understanding of the Innovation Process: R&D and Non-R&D Innovation

扩大对创新过程的理解：R

• 批准号: 1262418
• 负责人: John Walsh
• 金额: $ 21.31万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1262418&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Expanding; Understanding; Innovation; Process; R&amp

While R&D is an important input to innovation, there is growing evidence that a significant share of innovation is not born from formal R&D activity. Given the importance of innovation for economic growth and the central role of innovation in policy debates, the project will expand the study of innovation to include non-R&D innovations and analyze the drivers and outcomes of non-R&D compared to R&D-based innovations. The project includes three key parts: a detailed review and analysis of new and traditional indicators of innovation, including estimates of the rates of non-R&D innovation; modeling and empirically testing the relation between knowledge environments and innovation type (R&D v. non-R&D); and examining the impact of innovation type on willingness to participate in markets for technology, and how invention idiosyncrasy affects this relationship. The research also addresses more fundamental questions in the science of science and innovation policy on the nature of knowledge in the innovation process and the likely outcomes of inventions embedding different characteristics. Broader Impacts: The project's goal is to broaden the understanding of innovation and leverage this broader understanding in order to develop theories of innovation and improve the empirical foundation for innovation policy. Findings will contribute to ongoing efforts at NSF to develop more sophisticated innovation measures, as well as make important contributions to understandings of non-R&D innovations and helping organizations build their strategies for innovation related to knowledge environments. In addition, the findings on willingness-to-license by invention type may help firms devise better strategies for commercializing their new technologies. One objective is to broaden understanding of the innovation process and build an empirical base to guide policymaking that would address this broader universe of innovative activity, including building new models of the R&D decision, new metrics (non-R&D innovation, idiosyncrasy) and new results on the innovation process.

虽然研发是创新的一项重要投入，但越来越多的证据表明，创新的很大一部分并非来自正式的研发活动。鉴于创新对经济增长的重要性以及创新在政策辩论中的核心作用，本项目将扩大对创新的研究，以包括非研发创新，并分析与基于研发的创新相比，非研发创新的驱动因素和结果。该项目包括三个关键部分：详细审查和分析新的和传统的创新指标，包括估计的非研发创新率;建模和实证检验知识环境和创新类型（研发与非研发）之间的关系;和研究创新类型的影响，愿意参与技术市场，以及发明特质如何影响这种关系。 这项研究还涉及科学和创新政策中关于创新过程中知识的性质以及具有不同特点的发明可能产生的结果的更基本的问题。 更广泛的影响：该项目的目标是扩大对创新的理解，并利用这种更广泛的理解来发展创新理论，改善创新政策的经验基础。研究结果将有助于在NSF正在进行的努力，开发更复杂的创新措施，以及作出重要贡献的非研发创新的理解，并帮助组织建立自己的战略，创新相关的知识环境。此外，按发明类型分类的许可意愿调查结果可能有助于公司制定更好的战略，将其新技术商业化。目标之一是扩大对创新过程的理解，并建立一个经验基础，以指导政策制定，解决这一更广泛的创新活动领域，包括建立新的研发决策模型，新的衡量标准（非研发创新，特质）和创新过程的新成果。