Collaborative Research: Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity (WINTER)

合作研究：冬季运输、排放和反应性调查（WINTER）

• 批准号: 1360745
• 负责人: Joel Thornton
• 金额: $ 78.69万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1360745&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Wintertime; INvestigation; Transport

This award will fund the deployment of a research aircraft in a study to observe wintertime pollution in the Northeastern United States. While there have been a number of studies that have sampled atmospheric chemistry in the warm season, there have been relatively few studies in the cool season and none with the advanced instrumentation that the scientific community now possesses. This is important because the processes that affect how much pollution is created and how far it travels depends significantly on water vapor and sunlight, both of which are dramatically different in summer and winter. This study will examine how these processes work in cold temperatures and low sunlight and provide input to numerical modelers to help improve forecasts and provide guidance for policymakers on how to best reduce harmful air pollution events.The Wintertime Investigations of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity (WINTER) project will take place in early 2015. The main goal is to provide observations needed to develop a deeper understanding of the chemical and physical processes which govern the spatial distribution of anthropogenic pollutants during winter. The researchers argue that a majority of observations in polluted mid-latitude regions have been in summer, when plentiful sunlight and water vapor lead to the rapid oxidation of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by OH. In the winter months when OH concentrations are much lower and temperatures are colder, different oxidation pathways are expected to be more important. This leads to the slower oxidation of reactive pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, VOCs and sulfur dioxide, resulting in longer atmospheric lifetimes and therefore the transport of these species over wider geographic areas. The colder winter temperatures also change the equilibrium gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile species (e.g. HNO3) favoring the formation of particles and resulting in seasonal changes in dominant aerosol components. For example, studies have shown that inorganic nitrogen is a much higher component of the aerosol in the winter. The three primary research objectives are: 1) Characterize the chemical transformations of wintertime emissions via multiphase, nocturnal, and photochemical processes, 2) Assess the dominant mechanisms of secondary aerosol formation and quantify the geographical distribution of inorganic and organic aerosol types during winter, and 3) Constrain wintertime emission inventories of key pollutants for urban areas, power plants, and agricultural areas, and characterize their export over the North Atlantic. In addition to the broader impacts stated above, a significant number of students would be involved in the field campaign and data analysis activities. Outreach activities will include a media day, visits by K-12 students, and project updates through social media.

该奖项将资助研究飞机在一项研究中的部署，以观察美国东北部的冬季污染。 尽管在温暖的季节进行了许多研究对大气化学进行了抽样的研究，但在凉爽的季节相对较少的研究，而科学界现在拥有的先进仪器也没有。 这很重要，因为影响造成的污染的过程以及它的行驶程度显着取决于水蒸气和阳光，这两者在夏季和冬季都大不相同。 这项研究将研究这些过程如何在寒冷的温度和低阳光下起作用，并为数值建模者提供投入，以帮助改善预测，并为如何最好地减少有害空气污染事件的决策者提供指导。冬季对运输，排放和反应性（冬季）项目的冬季调查将在2015年初进行启动，以便在2015年初进行启动的过程。冬季人为污染物。 研究人员认为，污染的中纬度地区的大多数观察结果是在夏季，当时大量的阳光和水蒸气导致NOX和挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的快速氧化。 在冬季，OH浓度要低得多并且温度更冷，预计不同的氧化途径将更重要。这导致反应性污染物（例如氮氧化物，VOC和二氧化硫）的氧化较慢，从而导致更长的大气寿命，因此这些物种在更广泛的地理区域上运输。 较冷的冬季温度还改变了半挥发性物种（例如HNO3）的平衡气体粒子分配，有利于形成颗粒的形成，并导致季节性变化，导致季节性变化。例如，研究表明，无机氮是冬季气溶胶的更高成分。 三个主要的研究目标是：1）表征通过多相，夜间和光化学过程的冬季排放的化学转化，2）评估次级气溶胶形成的主要机制，并量化冬季和3）在冬季和3）冬季的冬季和有机物类型的无机和有机溶剂的地理分布，并限制其冬季的特征和脉络性工厂，并限制其传播工厂，并构成尿布的创造力，并构成脉动创造性，并构成脉动的创造力，并创造了脉动的创造力，并构成了动力的创造性，该领域的创造力，否则，以启发性工厂的创造力，构成了污染物的创造力，，并构成污染植物的创造力。北大西洋。 除了上述更广泛的影响外，还将大量学生参与现场活动和数据分析活动。 外展活动将包括媒体日，K-12学生的访问以及通过社交媒体进行项目更新。