Collaborative Research: Lidar and Modeling Applications from the Precision Atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (PreAMBLE) Dataset

精确大气海洋边界层实验（PreAMBLE）是2012年5月17日至6月17日在加利福尼亚州穆古点进行的一项野外研究，其中心重点是评估与概念点和加利福尼亚湾附近大气海洋边界层相关的大气动力学。机载测量被用来评估三个主要的研究主题：概念点附近的沿海急流、卡塔利娜涡旋和沿海困风反转的开始。《序言》非常成功，原提案中规定的所有主要目标都已完成并出版。PreAMBLE的三个意想不到的结果促使了进一步的研究。其中包括获得的大量独特且高质量的数据，云激光雷达收集的数据的意外效用，以及操作和特定案例数值模拟的令人失望的性能。在15次研究飞行中，只有5次被要求解决原始提案中的关键问题。目前对剩余10个案例进行的项目结合之前的分析，将使1)能够更全面地评估圣巴巴拉海峡内的海洋边界层特征，如高度、温度和水平压力场；2)检查地形在迫使Buchon点附近海洋边界层结构和云特征变化中的作用；3)分析海洋层结构、气溶胶起源、以及基于向上和向下指向云激光雷达的精细尺度结构，以及4)批判性地评估天气研究与预报模型在模拟圣巴巴拉海峡和近海岸太平洋内的动力学、热力学和云量方面的性能和能力。知识价值：南加州近海低层大气的空中测量是罕见的，因为它们很难获得，这使得PreAMBLE数据集非常有价值。通过实例分析，揭示了概念点和圣巴巴拉海峡附近复杂系统的重要特征。目前的动力学概念模型必须做出假设，而忽略了更复杂的问题。这些观察结果允许对许多假设进行批判性检查。PreAMBLE期间所有飞行的综合将为社区提供有关细尺度特征可变性的信息，并量化所有情况之间的偏差。将有助于确定在不同条件下强迫的相对作用，如近海流动和与复杂边界层的相互作用。不仅将改进动力学的概念模型，而且将对数值模型进行严格的检查。更广泛的影响：概念点和圣巴巴拉海峡附近的近岸环境仍然具有重要的战略意义。在过去的二十年里，海洋边界层的气象现象引起了几项重要的研究工作。作为PreAMBLE实地研究的一部分收集的数据是在该地区进行的为数不多的空中测量之一，对于验证以前的概念模型至关重要，并为数值模拟提供了严格的测试。该项目将为研究生提供大气科学观测方面的培训机会，这一重点被确定为2009年6月高级研究计划研讨会的关键要素。与之前的现场实验一样，堪萨斯大学和怀俄明大学的研究生将接触到飞机数据集和新应用。怀俄明大学的国王空气是一个可供整个气象界使用的国家设施。飞机观测技术的进步，包括激光雷达的应用，将促进其他科学家进一步使用。

The Precision Atmospheric Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (PreAMBLE) was a field study conducted from 17 May to 17 June 2012 based out of Point Mugu, CA. The central focus was to evaluate atmospheric dynamics associated with the atmospheric marine boundary layer near Point Conception and the California Bight. Airborne measurements were used to evaluate three major topics of research: the coastal jet near Point Conception, the Catalina eddy, and the initiation of coastally trapped wind reversals. PreAMBLE was highly successful and all major goals specified in the original proposal have been completed and published. Three unanticipated outcomes from PreAMBLE have prompted additional research. These include the sheer volume of unique and high quality data obtained, the unanticipated utility of the data collected by the cloud lidar, and the disappointing performance of operational and case-specific numerical simulations. Of the 15 research flights, only five have been required to address key issues from the original proposal. The current project for the remaining ten cases combined with the previous analyses will enable 1) a more comprehensive evaluation of the marine boundary layer characteristics within the Santa Barbara Channel such as height, temperature, and the horizontal pressure field, 2) examine the role of topography in forcing changes in marine boundary layer structure and cloud characteristics near Point Buchon, 3) analysis of marine layer structure, aerosol origin, and fine-scale structure based on the upward- and downward-pointing cloud lidars, and 4) critically evaluate the performance and capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model in simulating the dynamics, thermodynamics, and cloud cover within the Santa Barbara Channel and near-coastal Pacific Ocean just west of Point Arguello.Intellectual Merit: Airborne measurements of the lower atmosphere offshore of southern California are rare since they are difficult to obtain, which makes the PreAMBLE dataset extremely valuable. Important characteristics of the complicated system near Point Conception and the Santa Barbara Channel have been revealed through case studies. Current conceptual models of the dynamics must make assumptions and neglect more complicated issues. These observations allow a critical examination of many of the assumptions. A synthesis of all of the flights during PreAMBLE will provide the community with information on the variability of the fine-scale features and quantify deviations between all cases. Contributions will be made in identifying the relative roles of forcing such as offshore flow and interaction with a complex boundary layer under different conditions. Not only will conceptual models of the dynamics be refined, but a critical examination of the numerical models will be conducted.Broader Impacts: The near-coastal environment near Point Conception and the Santa Barbara Channel continue to be of strategic importance. Meteorological phenomena in the marine boundary layer have prompted several major research efforts during the past two decades. Data collected as part of the PreAMBLE field study are among the few airborne measurements taken within this region and are essential for validation of previous conceptual models and provide a hard test for numerical simulations. This project will offer an opportunity for graduate student training in the observational aspects of atmospheric science, a focus that was identified as a key element for the June 2009 Advanced Study Program Colloquium. As with previous field experiments, graduate students from the University of Kansas and the University of Wyoming will become exposed to aircraft datasets and novel applications. The University of Wyoming King Air is a national facility that is available to the entire meteorological community. Advances in aircraft observation techniques including applications of lidar will promote further use by other scientists.