SNM: Scalable Manufacturing of Nanostructured Membranes for Fracking Wastewater Treatment

SNM：用于水力压裂废水处理的纳米结构膜的可规模化制造

• 批准号: 1449337
• 负责人: Daeyeon Lee
• 金额: $ 130万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-15 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1449337&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SNM; Scalable; Manufacturing; Nanostructured; Membranes

CBET-1449337Lee, Univ of PennsylvaniaThe goal of this project is to enable the large scale, low-cost manufacturing of nanostructured membranes for fracking wastewater treatment. Fracking wastewater contains unusually high concentrations of both oily components and heavy metal ions, making it extremely difficult to use the conventional membrane technology. Advances in nanostructured membranes present unique opportunities to overcome these issues, but most current methods to generate nanostructured membranes are suitable only for lab-scale production, and this project will explore scalable approaches for manufacturing. The nano-manufacturing approach will be to use roll-to-roll slot coating (R2RSC) of particle-containing suspensions and nanoimprinting of thin film composite (TFC) membranes using roll-to-roll nanoimprinting lithography (R2RNIL). Nanostructured membranes to be manufactured in this study will efficiently remove oily contaminants and heavy metal ions without losing their efficacy. In addition to fracking wastewater treatment, providing access to clean water is a Grand Challenge identified by the National Academy of Engineering. Membranes that handle the impurity profiles in fracking wastewater will be widely useful for potable water purification. The project will provide internship research opportunities to undergraduate and high school students from diverse background through existing outreach programs such as Advancing Women in Engineering at University of Pennsylvania and Native American Undergraduate Fellowship program at University of Minnesota. The project will also contribute to curriculum innovations that incorporate nanostructured membrane-based separations into courses that are taught by the PIs. The project will also significantly benefit from strong collaborations with partners in industry and national laboratory. An important technical challenge in the project is to isolate the key features that provide for high-efficiency nanostructured membranes that will uniquely enable the reuse and reclamation of fracking water in natural gas production. The PIs propose using a combination of nanostructured amphiphobic membranes (gravity driven oil + water separation) , (NAM) nano imprinted membranes (NIM) with anti-fouling properties, and nanocomposite membranes (NCOM) that have enhanced selectivity and permeability. The intellectual merit of the proposal lies with the science associated with the scale up of the manufacturing of these membranes. Toward this end, four specific directions are proposed: - To understand the fundamental physics of selective deposition of NPs on porous surfaces using R2RSC to manufacture nanostructured amphiphobic membranes for efficient oil/water separation; - To understand processing-structure relationship of R2RNIL to manufacture nanoimprinted membranes with anti-fouling and anti- scaling properties. Experiments and hydrodynamic modeling to design nanopatterns that minimize fouling of membrane surface will be performed; - To understand the critical parameters that lead to the formation of polymer/NP bilayer in R2RSC and to understand the subsequent nanowicking of polymer into the percolating network of NPs. The dynamics of polymer nanowicking and the structure of nanocomposite membranes will be investigated; and, - To test the separation performance of nanostructured membranes. Fracking wastewater will be treated in three stages involving gravity-driven oil/water separation using nanostructured amphiphobic membranes, dissolved organic matter and fine particle removal using nanoimprinted membranes, and nanocomposite membranes-based heavy metal ion removal.

CBET-1449337 Lee，宾夕法尼亚大学该项目的目标是能够大规模、低成本地制造用于水力压裂废水处理的纳米结构膜。水力压裂废水中含油成分和重金属离子的浓度都非常高，这使得使用传统的膜技术变得极其困难。纳米结构膜的进展为克服这些问题提供了独特的机会，但目前大多数制备纳米结构膜的方法仅适用于实验室规模的生产，本项目将探索可扩展的制造方法。纳米制造的方法将是使用含有颗粒的悬浮液的辊对辊槽涂层(R2RSC)和使用辊对辊纳米压印光刻(R2RNIL)的薄膜复合(TFC)膜的纳米压印。本研究将制备的纳米结构膜将在不损失其功效的情况下有效地去除油性污染物和重金属离子。除了水力压裂废水处理外，提供清洁水也是美国国家工程院确定的一项重大挑战。处理水力压裂废水中杂质分布的膜将广泛用于饮用水净化。该项目将通过现有的外展项目为不同背景的本科生和高中生提供实习研究机会，如宾夕法尼亚大学的工程女性进步计划和明尼苏达大学的美国原住民本科生奖学金计划。该项目还将促进课程创新，将纳米结构膜分离纳入由私人投资机构教授的课程。该项目还将从与工业和国家实验室合作伙伴的大力合作中受益匪浅。该项目中的一个重要技术挑战是分离提供高效纳米结构膜的关键特征，这种膜将独特地实现天然气生产中水力压裂水的重复使用和回收。PI建议结合使用纳米结构两亲膜(重力驱动油/水分离)、具有防污染性能的(NAM)纳米印迹膜(NIM)和具有增强选择性和渗透性的纳米复合膜(NCOM)。这项提议的学术价值在于与扩大这些膜的制造规模相关的科学。为此，提出了四个具体的方向：-了解利用R2RSC在多孔性表面选择性沉积纳米粒子的基本物理原理；-了解R2RNIL的加工-结构关系，以制造具有防污染和防结垢性能的纳米印迹膜。将进行实验和流体力学建模，以设计纳米管，以最大限度地减少膜表面的污染；-了解导致R2RSC中聚合物/NP双层形成的关键参数，并了解聚合物随后进入NPs渗透网络的过程。将研究聚合物纳米化的动力学和纳米复合膜的结构；以及，测试纳米结构膜的分离性能。水力压裂废水将分三个阶段进行处理，包括使用纳米结构两亲膜进行重力驱动的油水分离，使用纳米印迹膜去除溶解的有机物和细颗粒，以及基于纳米复合膜的重金属离子去除。