Conference: The GRC 2015 on Chloroplast Biotechnology: Reengineering Photosynthetic Organelles

质体是一种特殊的植物细胞器，负责将阳光转化为化学能的光合作用过程。这是维持地球上生命最重要的过程之一。2015年戈登研究会议叶绿体生物技术将提出尖端的基础和潜在的应用研究，由一个国际科学家小组感兴趣的实验方法来探测叶绿体结构和功能。此外，研讨会将讨论如何 工程和生物技术方法可以提高光合作用的产出能力。本次会议的更广泛的影响将使学生和博士后接触到前沿的跨学科研究，并将扩大他们在这一领域的新颖和重要的视野。 它将影响早期职业科学家如何构建他们的继续教育和专业发展，以适应“新生物学”竞技场的市场。在这次会议上介绍的使能技术和科学进步可能会导致在满足重要社会需求方面取得重大进展。技术：质体工程的普遍公认的好处是：质体转基因的高水平蛋白表达的潜力;操纵子中多个基因的表达;以及只有母本遗传质体的作物中的转基因遏制， 从而阻止转基因通过花粉流动。质体转化的应用将在四个一般领域进行讨论：（1）重组蛋白的表达，用于工业和制药应用;（2）工程质体基因组，以提高光合效率和植物生产力;（3）工程新的代谢途径进入叶绿体;（4）工程新的农艺性状进入叶绿体的基因堆叠和转基因遏制。

Nontechnical description of the project:Plastids are specialized plant cellular organelles that are responsible for the process of photosynthesis that converts sun light into chemical energy. This is one of the most essential processes for sustaining life on earth. The 2015 Gordon Research Conference on Chloroplast Biotechnology will present cutting-edge fundamental and potentially applied research by an international group of scientists interested in experimental approaches to probe Chloroplast structure and function. In addition, the workshop will address how engineering and biotechnology approaches can improve the output capacity of photosynthesis. The Broader Impacts of this conference will expose students and postdocs to cutting edge interdisciplinary research, and will expand their horizon on what is novel and important in this field. It will influence how early career scientists will structure their continued education and professional development to be marketable in the "New Biology" arena. The enabling technologies and scientific advances presented at this conference are likely to lead to significant advances for addressing important societal needs. Technical:Generally recognized benefits of plastid engineering are: the potential for high-level protein expression from plastid transgenes; the expression of multiple genes in operons; and transgene containment in crops in which only the maternal parent inherits plastids, thereby preventing transgene flow via pollen. Applications of plastid transformation will be discussed in four general areas: (1) expression of recombinant proteins for industrial and pharmaceutical applications; (2) engineering the plastid genome to improve photosynthetic efficiency and plant productivity; (3) engineering novel metabolic pathways into chloroplasts; (4) engineering novel agronomic traits into chloroplasts for gene stacking and transgene containment.