UNS: Formation and Toxicity of Disinfection Byproducts in Desalinated Waters

UNS：淡化水中消毒副产物的形成和毒性

• 批准号: 1511051
• 负责人: Gary Amy
• 金额: $ 33.99万
• 依托单位: Clemson University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1511051&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: UNS; Formation; Toxicity; Disinfection; Byproducts

1511051AmyCurrently, seawater reverse osmosis is the most commonly used desalination technology. Specifically, the blending of reverse osmosis desalinated water with single or multiple treated fresh waters drawn from other sources is a low-cost method to meet the demands of drinking water and to increase the concentration of some desired ions. Therefore, the objective of this project is to conduct a comprehensive and systematic study to examine the formation and speciation of reaction byproducts of disinfection and the toxicity changes of seawater reverse osmosis desalinated waters as a consequence of blending.This is the first comprehensive research that combines a disinfection byproduct study on the formation, speciation, and factors affecting bromide/iodide incorporation with a toxicology study to determine possible toxicities on mammalian cells. In this study, the PIs propose to investigate: 1) the formation and speciation of brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts in the presence of hydrophilic organic matter (e.g., algal organic matter, wastewater effluent organic matter, natural organic matter) of different origins in treated waters that are likely to be used for blending with seawater reverse osmosis permeate, 2) the effects of pH and temperature on the formation and speciation of brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts, 3) the change in mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of waters from blending, and 4) the ability of total organic halide species and/or other individual brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts to predict the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the blended waters based on a multiple regression. The project will be conducted in two phases: Phase 1, which entails a disinfection byproduct study on the formation, speciation, and factors affecting bromide/iodide incorporation under various mixing scenarios and using chlorine and chloramine for post-disinfection (i and ii); and Phase 2, which entails a toxicity study on mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of waters from blending and multiple regression analysis between total organic halide components and experimentally measured water toxicities (iii and iv). Educational components of the project will provide opportunities for undergraduate (e.g., Creative Inquiry Program at Clemson, UIUC WaterCamps program, the UIUC Global Safe Water Institute) and high school student research, including recruitment of underrepresented groups in scientific research.

1511051Amy 目前，海水反渗透是最常用的海水淡化技术。具体而言，将反渗透淡化水与从其他来源抽取的单次或多次处理的淡水混合是满足饮用水需求并增加某些所需离子浓度的低成本方法。因此，该项目的目标是进行全面、系统的研究，以检查消毒反应副产物的形成和形态，以及混合后海水反渗透淡化水的毒性变化。这是第一项将消毒副产物的形成、形态和影响溴化物/碘化物掺入的因素的研究与毒理学研究相结合的综合研究，以确定可能的 对哺乳动物细胞的毒性。在本研究中，PI 建议研究：1) 在可能用于与海水反渗透渗透物混合的处理水中，在不同来源的亲水性有机物（例如藻类有机物、废水排放有机物、天然有机物）存在的情况下，溴化/碘化消毒副产物的形成和形态；2）pH 和温度对消毒副产物的影响。 溴化/碘化消毒副产物的形成和形态，3) 混合后水的哺乳动物细胞细胞毒性和遗传毒性的变化，以及 4) 总有机卤化物种类和/或其他单独的溴化/碘化消毒副产物基于多元回归预测混合水的细胞毒性和遗传毒性的能力。该项目将分两个阶段进行：第一阶段，需要对消毒副产物的形成、形态以及在各种混合情况下影响溴化物/碘化物掺入的因素进行研究，并使用氯和氯胺进行后消毒（i和ii）；第二阶段，需要对水的哺乳动物细胞毒性和遗传毒性进行毒性研究，通过总有机卤化物成分和实验测量的水毒性之间的混合和多元回归分析（iii和iv）。该项目的教育部分将为本科生（例如克莱姆森大学的创意探究项目、UIUC WaterCamps 项目、UIUC 全球安全水研究所）和高中生研究提供机会，包括招募科学研究中代表性不足的群体。