EAGER: Mobile Solutions for Multifold Increase of Survival Rates Through High Quality Chest Compressions

据估计，美国每年大约有60万人经历心脏骤停，而在社区环境中发生心脏骤停的存活率不到6%。2015年6月30日，医学研究所发布了一份关于提高心脏骤停后生存率的策略报告。该报告呼吁进行有效的治疗，要求旁观者立即做出反应，识别心脏骤停，拨打911，并启动心肺复苏术（CPR）。根据美国心脏协会（AHA）的研究，鉴于紧急医疗服务（EMS）到达的时间间隔通常为7至8分钟或更长，不进行心肺复苏术的存活率每分钟下降7%至10%。心肺复苏术中的胸部按压可以产生少量但至关重要的血液流向重要器官，如大脑和心脏，直到急救人员恢复血液循环。在定义高质量CPR时，AHA优先考虑的是具体特征，包括按压速度、深度和每次按压后的完全释放（后坐力）。为了遵循美国心脏协会的指导方针并改进心肺复苏术，北德克萨斯大学的研究人员提出了一种有效的智能手机应用程序，可用于在心肺复苏术期间提供实时评估和反馈。该EAGER项目开发的科学技术可用于评估和认证社区工作人员，提供复苏质量改进（RQI），并在心脏骤停期间为旁观者提供帮助。对医护人员进行的典型心肺复苏术培训需要每两年在教室里观看视频和听讲座。展望未来，EAGER活动有可能改变心肺复苏术培训和管理的方式。根据EAGER提案得出的数据，医护人员每个月只需花费5-10分钟，就能有效改善心肺复苏术的管理，大幅提高患者的存活率。为了实现这一目标，我们建议：i)将CPR培训时间从每两年一天改为每月5-10分钟，ii)有效地帮助没有接受过心肺复苏管理培训的旁观者，iii)制作一种特殊的手套，可以容纳手机，自动启动心肺复苏应用程序，并与911操作员和医生沟通。因此，EAGER的成功可以改变我们管理和提供心肺复苏术培训的方式。如果本研究结果良好，有效cpr的可变性将大大降低，从而提高生存率。这个EAGER项目推进了跨学科知识（力学、流体控制、信号处理和人工智能），希望心脏骤停的生存不再取决于环境因素（例如，医院内外）。

It is estimated that approximately 600,000 people each year in the United States experience a cardiac arrest, and survival rates for arrests that occur in community settings are less than 6%. On June 30, 2015, the Institute of Medicine released a report on strategies for increasing survival rates after cardiac arrest. The report calls for effective treatment, demanding an immediate response from bystanders to recognize cardiac arrest, call 911, and initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Given that the time interval for Emergency Medical Service (EMS) arrival is often 7 to 8 minutes or longer, based on American Heart Association (AHA) research, survival falls 7% to 10% for each minute without CPR. Chest compressions during CPR can generate a small but critical amount of blood flow to vital organs such as the brain and heart until circulation is restored by EMS personnel. While defining high-quality CPR, the AHA puts priority on specific characteristics including the rate of compressions, depth, and full release after each compression (recoil). To follow AHA's guidelines and improve CPR technique, researchers at the University of North Texas propose an effective smartphone application that can be used to provide real-time evaluation and feedback during CPR. The developed science and technology from this EAGER project can be used to evaluate and certify community workers, provide resuscitation quality improvement (RQI), and offer assistance to bystanders during a cardiac arrest. Typical CPR training for health care workers entails watching videos and listening to lectures in a classroom setting every two years. Looking to the future, the EAGER campaign has the potential to transform the way CPR training and administration is handled. Based on the data yielded from the EAGER proposal, healthcare workers would only need to spend 5-10 minutes each month to effectively improve CPR administration and substantially increase the survival rate of patients. In order to accomplish this, we propose to: i) change the CPR training period to 5-10 minutes each month instead of one day every two years, ii) effectively assist bystanders who have no prior training in CPR administration, and iii) create a special glove that will house the mobile phone, start the CPR application automatically, and communicate with 9-1-1 operators and physicians. Hence, the success of EAGER can transform the way we administer and offer CPR training. With favorable outcomes of the proposed research, variability of effective-CPR would dramatically be reduced, leading to higher survival rates. This EAGER project advances interdisciplinary knowledge (mechanics, fluid control, signal processing, and artificial intelligence) in the hopes that cardiac arrest survival no longer depends on environmental factors (e.g., inside or outside of hospital).