Workshop: A System of Systems Perspective on Critical Infrastructure Management; Charlottesville, Virginia; March 6-9, 2016

自1980年以来，美国经历了151次损失超过10亿美元的天气灾害。随着气候和发展模式的变化以及极端天气事件的严重性和频率的增加，美国必须解决其关键基础设施系统的脆弱性问题。国家的关键基础设施提供了支撑美国生活方式的基本服务。大量相互依存的基础设施和信息技术网络、服务和资源使通信、便利旅行、为我们的家庭供电、运行我们的经济，并提供必要的政府服务。这些系统的重要部分老化或恶化的状况既削弱了我们的恢复能力，也对我们国家的安全和繁荣产生了负面影响。本次研讨会将讨论：(i)气候变化的预估影响，包括海平面上升和极端天气事件日益严重和频繁；（ii）在我们的社区造成连锁效应的后续损害或破坏，造成不可估量的生命损失和数十亿美元的财产损失。为应对实际的或预期的气候变化，对自然系统或人类系统进行适应和调整将需要一项风险管理战略，以保护脆弱的部门和社区。本次研讨会将审查和评估与气候变化和海平面上升相关的风险和不确定性的充分记录来源，并将多机构互动基础设施纳入联邦机构沿海城市地区基础设施规划的综合方法。研讨会的参与者将包括：应对极端天气事件的专家（包括联邦机构）、科学家和执业工程师、在基于风险的系统工程背景下研究复原力和脆弱性的学者，以及可能参与研讨会主题的国际专家。所有各方都将合作开发一个实用的、分层关联的风险管理框架，有效限制和主动管理与关键基础设施的气候变化适应战略相关的无数风险来源。风险管理框架将有助于在三个层次的综合、分层决策框架内简化往往分散和有限的管辖责任和权力，以重组：(i)机构实施气候适应准则的过程；方案政策、评价原则和决定标准；（三）项目层次设计、规划和操作规程。

Since 1980, the U.S. has experienced 151 weather disasters with damages exceeding 1 billion dollars each. With changing climate and development patterns and the severity and frequency of extreme weather events increasing, the U.S. must address the vulnerability of its critical infrastructure systems of systems. The Nation's critical infrastructure provides the essential services that underpin the American way of life. A vast array of interdependent infrastructure and information technology networks, services, and resources enable communication, facilitate travel, power our homes, run our economy, and provide essential government services. The aging or deteriorating condition of significant parts of these systems both weaken our resilience and negatively affect our nation's security and prosperity. This workshop will address: (i) the projected impacts of climate change, including sea-level rise and the increasing severity and frequency of extreme weather events; and (ii) the consequential damage or disruptions that result in cascading effects across our communities, with immeasurable costs in lives lost and billions of dollars in property damage. Adaptation and adjustments to natural, or to human systems in response to actual, or expected climate change, will require a risk management strategy to protect vulnerable sectors and communities. This workshop will examine and assess the well-documented sources of risk and uncertainty associated with climate change and sea-level rise and incorporate the multiagency interactive infrastructure within a comprehensive approach to federal agency infrastructure planning for coastal urban areas. Workshop participants will include: experts in response to extreme weather events that include federal agencies, scientists and practicing engineers, and academics studying resilience, vulnerability in the context of risk-based systems engineering, and possibly international experts in the workshop's theme. All would collaborate to develop a practical, hierarchically linked risk management framework that will effectively limit and proactively manage the myriad sources of risk associated with climate change adaptation strategies for critical infrastructure. The risk management framework would help to streamline the often segmented and limited jurisdictional responsibilities and authorities within a three tiered integrated, hierarchical decision-making framework to restructure: (i) agency implementation processes of climate adaptation guidelines; (ii) programmatic policies, evaluation principles and decision criteria; and, (iii) project level design, planning and operating rules.