Workshop: A System of Systems Perspective on Critical Infrastructure Management; Charlottesville, Virginia; March 6-9, 2016

自1980年以来，美国共发生了151次气象灾害，每次损失超过10亿美元。随着气候和发展模式的变化以及极端天气事件的严重性和频率的增加，美国必须解决其关键基础设施系统的脆弱性。国家的关键基础设施提供了支撑美国生活方式的基本服务。大量相互依赖的基础设施和信息技术网络、服务和资源使通信成为可能，使旅行变得便利，使我们的家庭能够供电，使我们的经济得以运行，并提供基本的政府服务。这些系统的重要部分的老化或恶化状况既削弱了我们的复原力，也对我们国家的安全和繁荣产生了负面影响。该讲习班将讨论：（i）气候变化的预计影响，包括海平面上升和极端天气事件日益严重和频繁;（ii）随之而来的损害或中断，导致我们社区的连锁反应，造成无法估量的生命损失和数十亿美元的财产损失。为应对实际或预期的气候变化而对自然系统或人类系统进行适应和调整，将需要一项风险管理战略，以保护脆弱部门和社区。该讲习班将审查和评估与气候变化和海平面上升相关的风险和不确定性的充分记录来源，并将多机构互动基础设施纳入沿海城市地区联邦机构基础设施规划的综合方法。研讨会的参与者将包括：应对极端天气事件的专家，包括联邦机构、科学家和执业工程师，以及在基于风险的系统工程背景下研究复原力和脆弱性的学者，可能还有研讨会主题的国际专家。所有各方将合作制定一个切实可行的、按等级联系的风险管理框架，有效限制和积极管理与关键基础设施气候变化适应战略有关的各种风险来源。风险管理框架将有助于在一个三层综合、分级决策框架内精简往往分散和有限的管辖责任和权力，以重组：（一）气候适应指南的机构执行程序;（二）方案政策、评价原则和决策标准;（三）项目一级的设计、规划和运作规则。

Since 1980, the U.S. has experienced 151 weather disasters with damages exceeding 1 billion dollars each. With changing climate and development patterns and the severity and frequency of extreme weather events increasing, the U.S. must address the vulnerability of its critical infrastructure systems of systems. The Nation's critical infrastructure provides the essential services that underpin the American way of life. A vast array of interdependent infrastructure and information technology networks, services, and resources enable communication, facilitate travel, power our homes, run our economy, and provide essential government services. The aging or deteriorating condition of significant parts of these systems both weaken our resilience and negatively affect our nation's security and prosperity. This workshop will address: (i) the projected impacts of climate change, including sea-level rise and the increasing severity and frequency of extreme weather events; and (ii) the consequential damage or disruptions that result in cascading effects across our communities, with immeasurable costs in lives lost and billions of dollars in property damage. Adaptation and adjustments to natural, or to human systems in response to actual, or expected climate change, will require a risk management strategy to protect vulnerable sectors and communities. This workshop will examine and assess the well-documented sources of risk and uncertainty associated with climate change and sea-level rise and incorporate the multiagency interactive infrastructure within a comprehensive approach to federal agency infrastructure planning for coastal urban areas. Workshop participants will include: experts in response to extreme weather events that include federal agencies, scientists and practicing engineers, and academics studying resilience, vulnerability in the context of risk-based systems engineering, and possibly international experts in the workshop's theme. All would collaborate to develop a practical, hierarchically linked risk management framework that will effectively limit and proactively manage the myriad sources of risk associated with climate change adaptation strategies for critical infrastructure. The risk management framework would help to streamline the often segmented and limited jurisdictional responsibilities and authorities within a three tiered integrated, hierarchical decision-making framework to restructure: (i) agency implementation processes of climate adaptation guidelines; (ii) programmatic policies, evaluation principles and decision criteria; and, (iii) project level design, planning and operating rules.