Workshop: A System of Systems Perspective on Critical Infrastructure Management; Charlottesville, Virginia; March 6-9, 2016

自1980年以来，美国经历了151次天气灾害，每次损失超过10亿美元。随着气候和发展模式的变化，极端天气事件的严重性和频率不断增加，美国必须解决其关键基础设施系统的脆弱性。国家的关键基础设施提供了支撑美国人生活方式的基本服务。大量相互依赖的基础设施和信息技术网络、服务和资源使通信成为可能，为出行提供便利，为我们的家园供电，运行我们的经济，并提供基本的政府服务。这些系统中重要部分的老化或恶化状况既削弱了我们的韧性，也对我们国家的安全和繁荣产生了负面影响。这次讲习班将讨论：(I)气候变化的预测影响，包括海平面上升和极端天气事件日益严重和频繁；(Ii)在我们社区造成连锁影响的相应破坏或干扰，造成无法估量的生命损失和数十亿美元的财产损失。适应和调整自然或人类系统，以应对实际或预期的气候变化，将需要一项风险管理战略，以保护脆弱部门和社区。该讲习班将审查和评估与气候变化和海平面上升有关的有充分记录的风险和不确定性来源，并将多机构互动基础设施纳入联邦机构沿海城市地区基础设施规划的综合办法。研讨会参与者将包括：应对极端天气事件的专家，包括联邦机构、科学家和执业工程师，以及研究基于风险的系统工程背景下的复原力和脆弱性的学者，可能还包括研讨会主题的国际专家。所有各方都将合作制定一个切实可行的、层次分明的风险管理框架，该框架将有效地限制和主动管理与关键基础设施的气候变化适应战略相关的无数风险来源。风险管理框架将有助于在一个三级综合、分级决策框架内精简往往分散和有限的管辖职责和权力，以调整：(1)机构执行气候适应准则的进程；(2)方案政策、评价原则和决策标准；(3)项目一级的设计、规划和运作规则。

Since 1980, the U.S. has experienced 151 weather disasters with damages exceeding 1 billion dollars each. With changing climate and development patterns and the severity and frequency of extreme weather events increasing, the U.S. must address the vulnerability of its critical infrastructure systems of systems. The Nation's critical infrastructure provides the essential services that underpin the American way of life. A vast array of interdependent infrastructure and information technology networks, services, and resources enable communication, facilitate travel, power our homes, run our economy, and provide essential government services. The aging or deteriorating condition of significant parts of these systems both weaken our resilience and negatively affect our nation's security and prosperity. This workshop will address: (i) the projected impacts of climate change, including sea-level rise and the increasing severity and frequency of extreme weather events; and (ii) the consequential damage or disruptions that result in cascading effects across our communities, with immeasurable costs in lives lost and billions of dollars in property damage. Adaptation and adjustments to natural, or to human systems in response to actual, or expected climate change, will require a risk management strategy to protect vulnerable sectors and communities. This workshop will examine and assess the well-documented sources of risk and uncertainty associated with climate change and sea-level rise and incorporate the multiagency interactive infrastructure within a comprehensive approach to federal agency infrastructure planning for coastal urban areas. Workshop participants will include: experts in response to extreme weather events that include federal agencies, scientists and practicing engineers, and academics studying resilience, vulnerability in the context of risk-based systems engineering, and possibly international experts in the workshop's theme. All would collaborate to develop a practical, hierarchically linked risk management framework that will effectively limit and proactively manage the myriad sources of risk associated with climate change adaptation strategies for critical infrastructure. The risk management framework would help to streamline the often segmented and limited jurisdictional responsibilities and authorities within a three tiered integrated, hierarchical decision-making framework to restructure: (i) agency implementation processes of climate adaptation guidelines; (ii) programmatic policies, evaluation principles and decision criteria; and, (iii) project level design, planning and operating rules.