Near-contact motion and coalescence of inertial droplets in turbulence: simulations, laboratory experiments and field measurements

PI：Collins，LanceProposal Number：1605195提出了一种综合的研究方法，包括高保真计算、实验室实验和现场实验，以了解和预测湍流中悬浮液滴的行为。这个问题对大气中云的行为非常重要。除了大气应用，还有许多其他具有工程意义的应用领域，这项工作可能会对这些领域产生影响，包括柴油发动机、喷雾、雾化、粉末制造和吸入药物治疗。尽管经过了半个多世纪的研究，但关于湍流如何提高悬浮液滴的聚结速度仍然存在相当大的不确定性。这项研究通过在直接数值模拟、实验和广泛条件下的现场测量中直接测量液滴碰撞/合并速率来解决这一不确定性。这项研究的重点将是直接测量湍流驱动下液滴的聚结速度。这适用于广泛的多相流，但对这一提议最重要的应用是大气中云的处理。在某些条件下，云的演化速度比微物理模型所能预测的要快。人们认为，大气湍流可以解释云形成的加速。这项研究将把用于分析自然湍流现象的三种科学工具协同结合起来：域名系统、实验室实验和现场测量。首要目标是在接近参数相似的条件下，从高分辨率的域名系统和最先进的实验室和现场实验中产生最终的合并数据。这项研究将包括首次在实验室和自然条件下对惯性液滴在湍流流场中的聚结速率进行实验测量。只有通过这种集体努力才能实现这一点--仅靠这些技术中的任何一种或两种是不够的。除了拟议工作的工程影响外，拟议活动还包括旨在鼓励代表人数不足的少数群体进入学院的教育和外联活动。

PI: Collins, LanceProposal Number: 1605195A comprehensive research approach, involving high fidelity computations, experiments in a laboratory and field experiments is proposed to understand and predict the behavior of drops suspended in turbulent flows. This problem is very important for the behavior of clouds in the atmosphere. In addition to atmospheric applications, there are many other application areas with engineering interest, where this work can have an impact, including diesel engines, sprays, atomization, and powder manufacturing and inhalation drug therapy. Despite more than a half-century of research, there remains considerable uncertainty on how turbulence enhances the coalescence rate of suspended droplets. This study addresses that uncertainty through the direct measurement of droplet collision/coalescence rates in direct numerical simulations (DNS), experiments and in field measurements over a wide range of conditions. The focus of the study will be on the direct measurement of coalescence rates of droplets driven by turbulence. This has application to a wide range of multiphase flows, but the application of primary importance to this proposal is the processing of clouds in the atmosphere. Under certain conditions, clouds evolve faster than microphysical models can predict. It is believed that atmospheric turbulence could explain the acceleration of cloud formation. This study will bring together a synergistic combination of three scientific tools for analyzing natural turbulent flow phenomena: DNS; laboratory experiments; and field measurements. The overarching goal is to generate definitive coalescence data from high-resolution DNS and state-of-the-art laboratory and field experiments under conditions of near parametric similarity. This investigation will include the first experimental measurements of the coalescence rate for inertial droplets in a turbulent flow field, both in the laboratory and in natural conditions. Only with this collective effort can this be achieved - any one or two of these techniques alone will not sufficient. In addition to the engineering impacts of the proposed work, the proposed activities include educational and outreach activities that are targeted towards encouraging underrepresented minorities into the academy.