Modeling Physical Processes in the Solar Wind and Local Interstellar Medium with a Multi-Scale Fluid-Kinetic Simulation Suite

部分电离等离子体的流动通常以离子的热和非热种群的存在为特征。例如，这种情况发生在外日球层：太阳系之外的星际空间的一部分，其性质由太阳风（SW）与局部星际介质（LISM）的相互作用决定。具有数据驱动边界条件的SW-LISM交互问题的仿真，需要应用自适应网格细化技术和千万亿级超级计算机。本文的目的是利用Blue Waters系统模拟太阳风（SW）在内外日球层的流动，并将模拟结果与观测数据进行比较，从而揭示非热等离子体中性流的基本物理特性。该项目将研究整个太阳系中发生的各种物理现象，例如中性粒子和带电粒子之间的电荷交换过程、吸收离子（pui）的诞生、高能中性原子（ENAs）的起源、湍流、日球层顶不稳定性和太阳- lism界面磁重联的相互作用、日尾的性质等。此外，该项目将把模拟结果与观测数据拟合，从而有可能约束LISM的属性，并改进时间相关的SW模型。这里提出的工作预计将在几个领域产生重大影响。该项目将为复杂带电气体和中性气体系统的计算和模拟提供一个飞跃。通过模型中多个物理尺度和过程的自洽合并来包含“耦合复杂性”的代码的开发被视为当前十年不同等离子体物理领域的关键发展。普遍存在的基础模型在空间物理学、天体物理学和等离子体物理问题中有着广泛的应用。我们的物理模型的组成部分和相应的代码例程在公开访问的模拟套件中也可能是有用的模型在燃烧等离子体实验中实现托卡马克聚变装置中的等离子束相互作用。除了对复杂物理系统建模的影响外，该项目预计，他们利用多种算法技术对复杂代码进行计算资源管理的方法将是当前方法的重大进步。此外，与Blue Waters团队的合作将通过开发适合多种应用的公开可用软件包，进一步促进自适应技术在当代等离子体物理问题中的应用。最后，该项目将在促进UAH校园内的计算科学和等离子体物理学方面发挥领导作用，并通过培训广泛的专家，在EPSCoR状态下培育新技术。

Flows of partially ionized plasma are frequently characterized by the presence of both thermaland nonthermal populations of ions. For example, this occurs in the outer heliosphere: the part of interstellar space beyond the solar system whose properties are determined by the solar wind (SW) interaction with the localinterstellar medium (LISM). Simulation of the SW-LISM interaction problem with data-driven boundaryconditions, requires the application of adaptive mesh refinement technologies and petascale supercomputers.The objective of this proposal is to use the Blue Waters system to model solar winds (SW) flows in the inner and outer heliosphere, and compare the simulation results with observational data, thereby revealing the fundamental physics of non-thermal plasma-neutral flows.The project will address a variety of physical phenomena occurring throughout the solar system, e.g., charge exchange processes between neutraland charged particles, the birth of pick-up ions (PUIs), the origin of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs),turbulence, the interplay of the heliopause instability and magnetic reconnection at the SW-LISM interface,properties of the heliotail, etc. Additionally, the project will fit the simulation results with observational data to make it possibleto constrain the properties of the LISM and refine time-dependent SW models. The work proposed here is expected to have major impact in several areas. The projectwill provide a leap forward in the computation and simulation of complex charged and neutral gas systems.The development of codes that embrace "coupling complexity" via the self-consistent incorporation of multiplephysical scales and processes in models is viewed as a pivotal development in the different plasmaphysics areas for the current decade. The ubiquity of the underlying model suggests numerous applicationsin space physics, astrophysics, and, in general, plasma physics problems. The components of our physicalmodel and corresponding code routines in the publicly accessible simulation suite may be also useful tomodel plasma-beam interactions in Tokamak fusion devices to be implemented in the burning plasma experimentITER. Besides the impact on the modeling of complex physical systems, the project anticipates that theirapproach to computational resource management for complex codes utilizing multiple algorithm technologieswill be a major advance on current approaches. Additionally, collaboration with the Blue Waters team will further promote the application of adaptive technologies to contemporary plasma physics problems through the development of publicly available packages suitablefor multiple applications. Finally, the project will provide leadership in promoting computational science and plasmaphysics within the UAH campus and, through the training of a broad spectrum of specialists, foster newtechnologies within an EPSCoR state.