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Continuous and Scalable Manufacturing of Platinum-Nickel Nanocatalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

用于聚合物电解质膜燃料电池的铂镍纳米催化剂的连续和规模化制造

基本信息

批准号：
1634687
负责人：
Younan Xia
金额：
$ 25万
依托单位：
Georgia Tech Research Corporation
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2019-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1634687&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Continuous Scalable Manufacturing Platinum Nickel

项目摘要

Metal nanocrystals with controlled shapes are essential to a variety of applications, including energy conversion, environmental protection, and chemical/pharmaceutical manufacturing. Despite recent progress in their synthesis, there still exists a major gap in transitioning the nanocrystals from academic studies to industrial applications, primarily due to the lack of ability to manufacture them at an industrially relevant scale without compromising quality. Recent demonstrations indicate that continuous-flow droplet reactors offer a practical platform for the scalable and cost-effective production of metal nanocrystals with uniform sizes and controlled shapes. The droplet-based platform offers a linearly scalable technology that can be operated at both small and large quantities under essentially identical conditions for the purposes of protocol optimization and manufacturing, respectively. In addition to the scientific and technological advances, this award will help forge links between different disciplines that include nonmanufacturing, materials science, catalysis, colloidal science, and energy technology. It also has immediate impacts on the society in the following two aspects: manufacturing of nanocatalysts for fuel cells, a truly zero-emission technology critical to environmental protection; and promotion of diversity in higher education by engaging women, minorities, and other underrepresented groups into this project.In working with its collaborators at Nissan, the team aims to develop a new technology for the scalable manufacturing of octahedral platinum-nickel nanocrystals. Such bimetallic nanocrystals have been produced in batch reactors and demonstrated with the highest activity toward oxygen reduction, a key reaction occurring on the cathodes of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, due to the poor batch-to-batch reproducibility and inevitable variations between syntheses, it has proven challenging to obtain an adequate amount of uniform nanocrystals for device testing. Through this award, an optimal combination of metal precursors and reductant will be identified based on kinetic measurements to ensure that the reduction will not occur prematurely, and instead only when the droplet reactors pass through a reaction zone held at an elevated temperature. A similar protocol will also be developed to conformally coat the surfaces of platinum-nickel octahedra with platinum shells of 1-2 atomic layers thick to greatly enhance their catalytic activity. The catalysts will be tested by engineers at Nissan and evaluated for commercial use in vehicles powered by PEMFCs. This research will pave the way for future deployment of industrial catalysts based on nanocrystals with controlled shapes.

形状可控的金属纳米晶体对于多种应用至关重要，包括能源转换、环境保护和化学/制药制造。尽管最近在合成方面取得了进展，但在将纳米晶体从学术研究转向工业应用方面仍然存在重大差距，这主要是由于缺乏在不影响质量的情况下以工业相关规模制造纳米晶体的能力。最近的演示表明，连续流液滴反应器为可规模化且经济高效地生产具有均匀尺寸和受控形状的金属纳米晶体提供了实用的平台。基于液滴的平台提供了一种线性可扩展的技术，可以在基本相同的条件下以小批量和大批量操作，分别用于方案优化和制造。除了科学和技术进步之外，该奖项还将有助于建立非制造业、材料科学、催化、胶体科学和能源技术等不同学科之间的联系。它还在以下两个方面对社会产生直接影响：燃料电池纳米催化剂的制造，这是一种对环境保护至关重要的真正零排放技术；通过让妇女、少数族裔和其他代表性不足的群体参与该项目，促进高等教育的多样性。该团队与日产的合作者合作，旨在开发一种用于可扩展制造八面体铂镍纳米晶体的新技术。这种双金属纳米晶体已在间歇式反应器中生产出来，并被证明具有最高的氧还原活性，氧还原是聚合物电解质膜燃料电池（PEMFC）阴极上发生的关键反应。然而，由于批次间的再现性差以及合成之间不可避免的变化，事实证明获得足够量的均匀纳米晶体用于设备测试具有挑战性。通过该奖项，将根据动力学测量确定金属前体和还原剂的最佳组合，以确保还原不会过早发生，而只有当液滴反应器穿过保持高温的反应区时才发生。还将开发类似的方案，用 1-2 个原子层厚的铂壳共形涂覆铂镍八面体的表面，以大大增强其催化活性。这些催化剂将由 Nissan 的工程师进行测试，并评估其在质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC) 驱动的车辆中的商业用途。这项研究将为未来基于形状受控的纳米晶体的工业催化剂的部署铺平道路。