EFRI ACQUIRE: Scalable Quantum Communications with Error-Corrected Semiconductor Qubits

摘要标题：具有纠错半导体量子比特的可伸缩量子通信非技术描述：量子力学世界具有巨大的潜力，可用于解决通信、计算和精密测量中尚未解决的问题。全球各地都在努力在一系列物理系统中开发这种技术，包括原子、超导体和固体中的类原子发射器。这项NSF计划将重点放在半导体材料上：具体地说，它将使用钻石中的氮空位(NV)和硅空位(SIV)色心，这是最近出现的固态量子存储器和单光子源的领先平台。在成功地证明了许多基本要素之后，当今的核心挑战是设计新的设备制造方法、组件集成和可扩展的容错协议，以实现功能强大且可扩展的系统。这些都是该计划的目标，重点是用于量子保密通信的半导体量子器件。为此，该计划将开发新一代量子光源、纠错量子存储器以及具有改进容错能力的理论协议。这些进展代表着朝着可部署和可扩展的量子网络迈出的关键一步，这些网络有可能提供不可破解的密码学、新形式的量子计算、精确测量和许多其他应用，这些应用在今天使用的经典网络上是不可能的。技术描述：该计划将为量子网络开发关键的固态技术，应用包括量子通信、计量和计算。在推力1中，我们将基于钻石中的颜色中心，特别是硅空位(SIV)和氮空位(NV)颜色中心，开发光稳定性和光谱纯净室温单光子源。推力1号还将推进这些色心的量子相干时间，以及它们在光子集成电路中的可扩展集成。在推力2中，我们将开发基于工程设计的多量子比特寄存器和从头开始设计的用于容错的新的量子算法的新一代纠错量子节点。在推力3中，我们将演示纠错量子记忆在波士顿地区部署的暗光纤网络中的纠缠分布。这些节点将由用于多个量子寄存器多路复用的光子集成电路组成。与以前的量子中继器协议不同，我们的努力将集中在多量子比特寄存器中的逻辑量子比特和可扩展、容错的量子网络的新概念。该研究计划将推进纳米制造技术，特别是用于量子信息处理的量子器件。这些进展将需要更好地理解和控制半导体表面和掺杂技术。除了主要关注量子信息器件外，先进的制造技术和纳米光子钻石器件有望在新兴应用领域取得突破，如非线性和高功率光学、微电子以及将钻石用作散热器的热管理应用。量子发射体控制的进展也将对生物医学和化学传感产生直接影响。我们计划的很大一部分集中在向公众传达拟议的研究和开发努力。为此，我们的计划包括广泛的教育和推广部分，以向普通公众传播科学。

Abstract Title: Scalable Quantum Communications with Error-Corrected Semiconductor QubitsNontechnical Description:The world of quantum mechanics holds enormous potential for a new generation of applications that address unsolved problems in communications, computation, and precision measurements. Efforts are underway across the globe to develop such technologies in a range of physical systems, including atoms, superconductors, and atom-like emitters in solids. This NSF program will focus on semiconductor materials: specifically, it will use nitrogen vacancy (NV) and silicon vacancy (SiV) color centers in diamond, which recently emerged as leading platforms for solid-state quantum memories and single photon sources. After successful proof-of-principle demonstrations of many of the basic elements, a central challenge today is to devise new methods of device fabrication, component integration, and scalable fault-tolerant protocols to realize functional and scalable systems. These are the goals of this program, with a focus on semiconductor quantum devices for quantum secure communications. To this end, the program will develop a new generation of quantum light sources, and error-corrected quantum memories along with theoretical protocols with improved fault tolerance. These advances represent critical steps towards deployable and scalable quantum networks that have the potential to provide unhackable cryptography, new forms of quantum computing, precision measurement, and a host of other applications not possible on classical networks used today. Technical Description: This program will develop critical solid-state technology for quantum networks with applications including quantum communication, metrology, and computing. In Thrust 1, we will develop photostable and spectrally pure room-temperature single photon sources, based on color centers in diamond -- specifically, the silicon vacancy (SiV) and nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers. Thrust 1 will also advance the quantum coherence times of these color centers, as well as their scalable integration in photonic integrated circuits. In Thrust 2, we will develop a new generation of error-corrected quantum nodes based on engineered multi-qubit registers and new quantum algorithms designed from the ground up for fault tolerance. In Thrust 3, we will demonstrate entanglement distribution of error-corrected quantum memories across a deployed dark fiber network in the Boston area. The nodes will consist of photonic integrated circuits for multiplexing multiple quantum registers. In contrast to previous quantum repeater protocols, our effort will focus on logical qubits in multi-qubit registers and new heralding concepts for scalable, fault-tolerant quantum networks. The research program will advance nanofabrication techniques, with a specific focus on quantum devices for quantum information processing. These advances will require improved understanding and control of semiconductor surfaces and doping techniques. In addition to the primary focus on quantum information devices, the advanced fabrication techniques and nanophotonic diamond devices promise breakthroughs in emerging applications such as nonlinear and high power optics, microelectronics, and applications in thermal management where diamond is used as a heat sink. The progress in the control of quantum emitters will also have a direct impact on biomedical and chemical sensing. A substantial portion of our program is focused on communicating the proposed research and development efforts to the public. To that end, our program includes extensive educational and outreach components to communicate the science to the general public.