EAGER: PUF-Locked Circuit Obfuscation for Counterfeit and Piracy Prevention

与软件盗版相比，硬件盗版的经济影响和安全隐患不容忽视，而且更为严重。全球硬件盗版造成的损失现在已经达到每月数十亿美元的水平，几乎在所有电子设备中都占有主要份额。据灰市和假货打击联盟报道，市场上最先进的科技产品中约有10%是假货。本课题提出了一种防止硬件仿冒和盗版的电路混淆原理和框架。混淆是一种使设计变得模糊从而难以理解的技术。利用了最近关于程序混淆的理论研究，并且该项目建立在最佳可能混淆的定义之上。利用有效的混淆器在结构上将电路转换为混淆电路，任何安全增强电路（如puf锁或水印）都可以嵌入电路而不被发现。在不了解设计的情况下，潜在的攻击者无法修改设计以移除安全电路或插入任何木马。除了用于电路混淆的框架和相关工具外，该项目还在大量实际应用程序上工作以验证该方法。

The economic impacts and security hazards of hardware piracy is not apt to be neglected compared to software, but is even more severe. The loss due to global hardware piracy has now reached the level of billions per month, with a major share in almost all electronic devices. It was reported by the Alliance for Gray Market and Counterfeit Abatement that about 10% of the start-of-the-art technology products available on market are counterfeits.In this project, a theory and a framework of circuit obfuscation for hardware counterfeit and piracy prevention are developed. Obfuscation is a technique to make a design obscure therefore hard to understand. The recent theoretical studies on program obfuscation are leveraged, and the project is built on the definition of the best-possible obfuscation. With efficient obfuscators to structurally transform a circuit to an obfuscated one, any security enhancement circuitry such as a PUF-lock or a watermark can be embedded in a circuit without being discovered. Not understanding a design, an potential attacker could not modify the design to remove the security circuitry or to insert any Trojan. Besides the framework and relevant tools for circuit obfuscation, the project also works on a large number of real-world applications to validate the approach.