RAPID: Behavioral response toward mosquito-vectored disease risk: A normative-perceptual analysis contrasting West Nile virus and Zika across socioeconomic and ethnic populations.

在过去的十年里，四种蚊媒疾病传入美国：西尼罗河病毒、登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒。这带来了一个动态的新问题：美国的一些地区正在受到多种蚊媒疾病的影响。因此，提高对个人和社区如何解释这些风险并保护自己的科学理解至关重要。个人对自我保护措施的认识和实践是解决蚊媒疾病的任何成功努力的关键方面。为此，这项研究的研究人员追求三个主要目标。首先，他们应用几个领先的理论模型来研究个人如何决定使用针对蚊子暴露的保护行为。其次，他们研究了一种公认的疾病(西尼罗河)和一种新的新兴威胁(寨卡病毒)之间的对比。第三，他们在两个基于种族和社会经济条件的不同人群中研究了这些基于风险的决策过程。这项研究的好处有三个。首先，随着几个理论模型的检验，我们对基于风险的行为决策的基本科学理解将得到改善。其次，这项研究将在寨卡病毒传入美国的关键时刻收集公众对寨卡病毒的看法的数据。人们对这一主题知之甚少，这项研究将是第一次进行此类调查。第三，将特别注意基于风险的行为应对这一威胁，因为这可能会受到社会经济条件和种族的影响。然后，可以利用对这些因素的详细了解来改进定制的风险沟通，以改善自我保护行为。这项研究的目标是模拟个人对蚊媒疾病风险的反应，并比较附近地区不同的社会经济和伦理沟通，以及对西尼罗河病毒和寨卡病毒的担忧之间的对比。这项研究将在德克萨斯州休斯敦进行，该地区同时居住着这两种有问题的蚊子。这项社会调查评估了两个人口样本中蚊子自我保护行为的预测因素，一个来自高收入的盎格鲁人占主导地位的地区，另一个来自低收入的西班牙裔/拉丁裔占主导地位的地区。得克萨斯州休斯敦的人口结构提供了最佳研究区域，这些区域与蚊子处于相同的生态环境中，但呈现出显著不同的社会经济环境。大约400人将完成这项调查，他们的问题包括自我保护行为、社会规范概念、健康感知变量，如感知到的行动障碍、感知到的行动好处、行动提示以及认知-情感风险感知。这项分析考察了这些对蚊子暴露的自我保护行为的影响在不同的社会经济和伦理群体以及西尼罗河病毒和ZIKA之间可能相似或不同的方式。这项研究产生的理论见解为未来更有效地将风险感知的双过程模型应用于健康行为情况提供了参考。此外，在社会规范框架内建立关于风险的双进程观点，为这一影响社会对风险危害的反应的复杂因素提供了更多的理论见解。该项目的变革潜力在于将这些想法应用于美国面临的一种独特且迅速演变的危险。这项工作的更广泛影响在于有可能为西尼罗河病毒、寨卡病毒和其他蚊媒疾病的公共卫生风险传播的关键方面提供信息。观察健康负担相对较小的既定疾病(西尼罗河病毒)与寨卡病毒对孕妇和未出生婴儿的潜在破坏性健康负担之间的对比，有可能提供独特和可操作的信息，以支持旨在促进自我保护行为的公共卫生传播的最佳制定。此外，对主导文化/种族对比的差异反应的洞察为有效的信息定制提供了可行的指导。

Within the last decade four mosquito-borne diseases have become introduced into the United States: West Nile virus, Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika. This presents a dynamic emerging problem: some areas of the United States are becoming affected by multiple mosquito-borne diseases. It is therefore critical to improve scientific understanding of how individuals and communities interpret these risks and protect themselves. Individual awareness and practice of self-protective measures are critical aspects of any successful effort to address mosquito-borne disease. Toward that end, this study's investigators pursue three primary goals. First, they apply several leading theoretical models to examine how individuals make decisions to use protective behaviors against mosquito exposure. Second, they study the contrast between a well-established disease (West Nile) and a new emerging threat (Zika). Third, they examine these risk-based decision processes in two contrasting populations based on ethnicity and socioeconomic conditions. The benefits of this study are three-fold. First, our fundamental scientific understanding of risk-based behavioral decision making will be improved as several theoretical models will be tested. Second, this study will collect data on public perception of Zika at a critical moment in the introduction of this disease to the U.S. Very little is known on this topic, and this study will be among the first to undertake such an investigation. Third, specific attention will be given to risk-based behavioral response to this threat as may be influenced buy socioeconomic conditions and ethnicity. Detailed insight into these factors can then be used to improved tailored risk communications to improve self-protective behaviors. The goals of this study are to model individual response to risk for mosquito-borne diseases, and compare such models between nearby areas contrasting different socioeconomic and ethic communications as well as the contrast between concern over West Nile virus versus Zika. The area in which the study will be conducted in Houston, Texas is inhabited by both of the problematic mosquito species. The social survey assesses the predictors of mosquito self-protective behavior in two population samples, one from an upper-income Anglo-dominant area, and one from a lower-income Hispanic/Latino-dominant area. The demographics in Houston, Texas, provide optimal study areas that reside in identical ecologies with respect to mosquitos, but present significantly different socio-economic circumstances. Approximately 400 individuals will complete the survey whose questions winclude an inventory of self-protective behaviors, social normative concepts, health perception variables such as perceived barriers to action, perceived benefits to action, cues to action, and cognitive-affective risk perception. The analysis examines the manner in which these influences over self-protective behavior for mosquito exposure may be similar or different across contrasting socioeconomic and ethic groups as well as between West Nile virus and Zika.Theoretical insight generated by this study inform future work in which a dual-process model of risk perception is more effectively applied to health behavior situations. Also, the nesting of a dual-process perspective on risk within a social-normative framework brings additional theoretical insight into this complex constellation of factors affecting social response to risk hazards. The transformative potential of the project resides in the application of these ideas to a unique and rapidly evolving hazard facing the United States. The broader impacts of this work reside in the potential to inform critical aspects of public health risk communication for West Nile virus, Zika, and other mosquito-born diseases. Observing the contrast between an established disease with a relatively modest health burden (West Nile virus) and Zika with its potentially devastating health burden on pregnant women and unborn babies has the potential to provide unique and actionable information to support the optimal formulation of public health communication directed at promoting self-protective behavior. Further, insight into the differential response across a dominant cultural/ethnic contrast provides actionable guidance for effective message tailoring.