RAPID: Behavioral response toward mosquito-vectored disease risk: A normative-perceptual analysis contrasting West Nile virus and Zika across socioeconomic and ethnic populations.

在过去的十年中，四种蚊子传播的疾病已经引入美国：西尼罗河病毒，登革热，基孔肯雅和寨卡。这提出了一个动态的新问题：美国的一些地区正在受到多种蚊媒疾病的影响。因此，必须提高对个人和社区如何解释这些风险和保护自己的科学认识。个人对自我保护措施的认识和实践是任何成功解决蚊媒疾病的努力的关键方面。为此，本研究的研究人员追求三个主要目标。首先，他们应用几种领先的理论模型来研究个人如何决定使用保护行为来防止蚊子暴露。其次，他们研究了一种已经确立的疾病（西尼罗河）和一种新出现的威胁（寨卡）之间的对比。第三，他们在基于种族和社会经济条件的两个对比人群中研究这些基于风险的决策过程。这项研究的好处有三方面。首先，我们对基于风险的行为决策的基本科学理解将得到提高，因为几个理论模型将得到测试。其次，这项研究将收集有关公众对寨卡病毒的看法的数据，在这个疾病引入美国的关键时刻，对这个主题知之甚少，这项研究将是第一个进行这样的调查。第三，将特别关注基于风险的行为反应，这种威胁可能会受到购买社会经济条件和种族。对这些因素的详细了解可以用于改进量身定制的风险沟通，以改善自我保护行为。这项研究的目标是模拟个体对蚊媒疾病风险的反应，并比较附近地区之间的这种模型，对比不同的社会经济和伦理沟通，以及对西尼罗河病毒与寨卡病毒的关注之间的对比。这项研究将在德克萨斯州休斯顿进行，该地区居住着两种有问题的蚊子。社会调查评估了两个人口样本中蚊子自我保护行为的预测因素，一个来自高收入的盎格鲁主导地区，另一个来自低收入的西班牙裔/拉丁裔主导地区。德克萨斯州休斯顿的人口统计数据提供了最佳的研究区域，这些区域居住在相同的蚊子生态中，但存在显着不同的社会经济情况。大约400人将完成调查，其问题包括自我保护行为，社会规范概念，健康感知变量，如感知的行动障碍，感知的行动益处，行动线索，认知情感风险感知的清单。该分析探讨了这些影响蚊子暴露的自我保护行为的方式可能是相似的或不同的，在不同的社会经济和种族群体之间，以及西尼罗河病毒和Zika.理论的洞察力，本研究产生的通知未来的工作中，风险感知的双过程模型更有效地应用于健康行为的情况。此外，在社会规范框架内对风险的双过程视角的嵌套为影响社会对风险危害反应的复杂因素带来了额外的理论见解。该项目的变革潜力在于将这些想法应用于美国面临的独特且迅速演变的危险。这项工作的更广泛影响在于有可能为西尼罗河病毒，寨卡病毒和其他蚊媒疾病的公共卫生风险沟通提供信息。观察具有相对适度健康负担的既定疾病（西尼罗河病毒）与对孕妇和未出生婴儿具有潜在破坏性健康负担的寨卡病毒之间的对比，有可能提供独特和可操作的信息，以支持旨在促进自我保护行为的公共卫生传播的最佳制定。此外，洞察不同的反应在一个占主导地位的文化/种族对比提供了切实可行的指导，有效的信息剪裁。

Within the last decade four mosquito-borne diseases have become introduced into the United States: West Nile virus, Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika. This presents a dynamic emerging problem: some areas of the United States are becoming affected by multiple mosquito-borne diseases. It is therefore critical to improve scientific understanding of how individuals and communities interpret these risks and protect themselves. Individual awareness and practice of self-protective measures are critical aspects of any successful effort to address mosquito-borne disease. Toward that end, this study's investigators pursue three primary goals. First, they apply several leading theoretical models to examine how individuals make decisions to use protective behaviors against mosquito exposure. Second, they study the contrast between a well-established disease (West Nile) and a new emerging threat (Zika). Third, they examine these risk-based decision processes in two contrasting populations based on ethnicity and socioeconomic conditions. The benefits of this study are three-fold. First, our fundamental scientific understanding of risk-based behavioral decision making will be improved as several theoretical models will be tested. Second, this study will collect data on public perception of Zika at a critical moment in the introduction of this disease to the U.S. Very little is known on this topic, and this study will be among the first to undertake such an investigation. Third, specific attention will be given to risk-based behavioral response to this threat as may be influenced buy socioeconomic conditions and ethnicity. Detailed insight into these factors can then be used to improved tailored risk communications to improve self-protective behaviors. The goals of this study are to model individual response to risk for mosquito-borne diseases, and compare such models between nearby areas contrasting different socioeconomic and ethic communications as well as the contrast between concern over West Nile virus versus Zika. The area in which the study will be conducted in Houston, Texas is inhabited by both of the problematic mosquito species. The social survey assesses the predictors of mosquito self-protective behavior in two population samples, one from an upper-income Anglo-dominant area, and one from a lower-income Hispanic/Latino-dominant area. The demographics in Houston, Texas, provide optimal study areas that reside in identical ecologies with respect to mosquitos, but present significantly different socio-economic circumstances. Approximately 400 individuals will complete the survey whose questions winclude an inventory of self-protective behaviors, social normative concepts, health perception variables such as perceived barriers to action, perceived benefits to action, cues to action, and cognitive-affective risk perception. The analysis examines the manner in which these influences over self-protective behavior for mosquito exposure may be similar or different across contrasting socioeconomic and ethic groups as well as between West Nile virus and Zika.Theoretical insight generated by this study inform future work in which a dual-process model of risk perception is more effectively applied to health behavior situations. Also, the nesting of a dual-process perspective on risk within a social-normative framework brings additional theoretical insight into this complex constellation of factors affecting social response to risk hazards. The transformative potential of the project resides in the application of these ideas to a unique and rapidly evolving hazard facing the United States. The broader impacts of this work reside in the potential to inform critical aspects of public health risk communication for West Nile virus, Zika, and other mosquito-born diseases. Observing the contrast between an established disease with a relatively modest health burden (West Nile virus) and Zika with its potentially devastating health burden on pregnant women and unborn babies has the potential to provide unique and actionable information to support the optimal formulation of public health communication directed at promoting self-protective behavior. Further, insight into the differential response across a dominant cultural/ethnic contrast provides actionable guidance for effective message tailoring.