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Scanned-probe Characterization of Charge Generation, Recombination, and Motion in Organic Semiconductors

有机半导体中电荷产生、复合和运动的扫描探针表征

基本信息

批准号：
1709879
负责人：
John Marohn
金额：
$ 40万
依托单位：
Cornell University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2020-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1709879&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Scanned probe Characterization Charge Generation

项目摘要

Nontechnical Abstract:Sunlight represents a limitless source of clean energy. How can we provide everyone with a cheap way to capture and use the sun's energy to run their appliances and vehicles? Rooftop silicon-based photovoltaic cells already exist for converting sunlight into electricity; however, these cells are expensive to manufacture and install. This project's goal is to study solar cells made from plastics and organic molecules, which could allow solar cells to be as thin and inexpensive as a coat of paint. Plastic/organic solar-cell materials have been studied for a long time, but how these materials convert light into electricity at the molecular level remains poorly understood. To better understand these materials we are developing a microscope capable of watching charge move at the molecular level on the timescale of one nanosecond (one billionth of a second) or faster. Such a microscope would give us a new way to study molecular-level processes ranging from photosynthesis to industrially important chemical reactions taking place at a metal surface. The researchers funded by this project are using their knowledge of scientific instrumentation and computer programming to develop experiments introducing middle and high school students to topics ranging from the physics of music to the principles of electrochemistry.Technical Abstract:The goal of this project is to test molecular design rules thought to govern how light is converted into electricity in thin-film solar cells made from electron-accepting and electron-donating molecules, so-called donor-acceptor blends. Localized measurements of charge recombination dynamics and charge mobility are carried out on donor-acceptor blends prepared from molecules with systematically varied energy levels and background charge density to support or refute theories describing how charge is generated from sunlight in these blends. To enable these studies, scanned-probe-microscope measurements are developed capable of determining, with nanosecond temporal resolution and nanometer spatial resolution, the free charge yield and subsequent recombination dynamics in a thin film of a donor-acceptor blend following the application of a nanosecond-duration pulse of light. A separate set of scanned-probe measurements are developed for inferring the local charge mobility from measurements of near-surface electric field fluctuations. The tools created during this project are expected to ultimately have broad applications in studying industrially important processes like photocatalysis and electrocatalysis and in naturally important processes like photosynthesis. The researchers funded by this research are using their knowledge of scientific instrumentation and computer programming to develop experiments introducing middle and high school students to topics ranging from the physics of music to the principles of electrochemistry.

非技术摘要：阳光是一种无限的清洁能源。我们如何能为每个人提供一种廉价的方式来捕获和使用太阳能来运行他们的电器和车辆？屋顶硅基光伏电池已经存在，用于将阳光转化为电能;然而，这些电池的制造和安装成本很高。该项目的目标是研究由塑料和有机分子制成的太阳能电池，这可以使太阳能电池像油漆一样薄和便宜。塑料/有机太阳能电池材料已经研究了很长时间，但这些材料如何在分子水平上将光转化为电仍然知之甚少。为了更好地理解这些材料，我们正在开发一种显微镜，能够在一纳秒（十亿分之一秒）或更快的时间尺度上观察分子水平上的电荷移动。这种显微镜将为我们提供一种新的方法来研究分子水平的过程，从光合作用到在金属表面发生的工业上重要的化学反应。本项目的研究人员利用他们的科学仪器和计算机编程知识，开发实验，向中学生介绍从音乐物理到电化学原理的各种主题。技术摘要：本项目的目的是测试分子设计规则，这些规则被认为是控制薄膜太阳能电池中光如何转化为电的规则，薄膜太阳能电池由受电子和给电子分子制成，即所谓的供体-受体混合物。本地化的测量电荷复合动力学和电荷迁移率进行供体-受体共混物制备的分子与系统不同的能级和背景电荷密度，以支持或反驳理论描述如何在这些共混物中产生的电荷从阳光。为了使这些研究，扫描探针显微镜测量开发能够确定，与纳秒的时间分辨率和纳米空间分辨率，自由电荷产量和随后的复合动力学在一个薄膜的供体-受体共混物后的应用纳秒持续时间的光脉冲。一个单独的一组扫描探针测量推断的局部电荷迁移率从近表面电场波动的测量。该项目期间创建的工具预计最终将在研究工业重要过程（如生物降解和电催化）以及自然重要过程（如光合作用）中具有广泛的应用。由这项研究资助的研究人员正在利用他们的科学仪器和计算机编程知识开发实验，向初中和高中学生介绍从音乐物理到电化学原理的主题。