Hearts of Flesh - Not Stone: Does Encountering the Suffering of the Other (ESO) Influence Reconciliation in the Middle of Conflict?

有血肉的心不是石头，是指先知以西结书中的一个形象：我要赐给你们一个新心，将新灵放在你们里面;我要从你们身上除掉石心，赐给你们肉心（36：26）。对犹太人、基督教和穆斯林文化意义重大，该标题深入了解了项目的核心问题，试图了解个人和团体从较小到较大的和解意愿的运动。第二个中心问题影响社会;我们希望加深对课程学习和遭遇团体如何能够导致更大的和解意愿的理解。该项目分析了经历他人痛苦的个人和群体，以此了解各群体如何以及为何可能或多或少对和解持开放态度。三个理论/方法论的方法被使用：A。经验性地遭遇他人的痛苦（ESO）B。运用社会心理学实验方法对经理股票期权进行分析。通过神学/社会学/政治学科对ESO进行概念分析第一种方法（A）在体验之前、体验期间和体验之后以及一年后探索ESO，在此期间，参与者将生活在自己的家庭社区中。这项研究将仔细研究巴勒斯坦和以色列犹太人参与者之间可能发生的变化，特别是反映和解意愿的两个核心指标：1。2.接受他人身份的需要。对内群体和其他群体的集体叙事的看法。第二种方法（B）除了辅助ESO本身之外，还利用社会心理学的模型和实验来分析承认、尊重、接纳和赋权对和解意愿的影响。最后一种方法（C）在更理论的层面上处理和解问题。它审查了团体的信仰，态度，目标，叙述和他们的相对权力地位。我们的工作有两个特点。第一，跨学科性（Mittelstraße，2007），即不同学科在目标、概念、实验（包括共同讨论测量）的开发和测试以及结果的评估和出版方面密切合作。其次，该项目得益于神学家和哲学家Hölderlin（1797）的见解，即和平与和解的要素已经在冲突中找到（Leiner，2012），而不仅仅是在暴力行动停止之后（Kelman，2008）。在以巴冲突等棘手冲突中，这似乎是一条有希望的和解之路，因为和解的努力可能是停止暴力的先决条件。

Hearts of Flesh Not Stone is a reference to an image in the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel: I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit in you; I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh (36:26). Significant for Jewish, Christian and Muslim cultures, the title gives insight into the projects central questions seeking to understand the movement of individuals and groups from lesser to greater reconciliation willingness. The second central question impacts society; we want to deepen the understanding on how course studies and encounter groups can lead to greater willingness to reconcile. The project analyses individuals and groups experiencing the suffering of the other as a means for understanding how and why groups may become more or less open to reconciliation. Three theoretical/methodological approaches are used: A. Encountering the suffering of the other (ESO) experientially B. Analyzing the ESO through social psychological experimentation C. Conceptual analysis of the ESO through theological/sociological/political disciplines The first approach (A) explores the ESO before, during and immediately after the experience as well as one year later, during which the participants will live in their own home community. The study will carefully examine the possible changes among the Palestinian and the Jewish Israeli participants, especially regarding two central indicators reflecting willingness to reconcile: 1. acceptance of the other identity needs 2. perceptions of collective narratives of the ingroup and other group. In addition to assisting in the ESO itself, the second approach (B) addresses the question with the models and experiments of social psychology which analyses impact of recognition, respect, acceptance and empowerment on reconciliation willingness. The final approach (C) addresses reconciliation on a more theoretical level. It examines the groups beliefs, attitudes, goals, narratives and their relative power positions. Two principles characterize our work. First, transdisciplinarity (Mittelstraß, 2007) whereby different disciplines work closely in the development and testing of goals, concepts, experiments (including common discussion of measurement), as well as the evaluation and publication of the results. Secondly, the project benefits from an insight of the theologian and philosopher Hölderlin (1797) that elements of peace and reconciliation are already found in the middle of conflicts (Leiner, 2012) and not only after violent actions have stopped (Kelman, 2008). In intractable conflicts such as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, this seems to be a promising route to reconciliation because attempts of reconciliation may be a precondition for violence to cease.