Etymological Dictionary of Akkadian (EDA)

阿卡德语（巴比伦-亚述语），用楔形文字书写，是最早被证实的闪米特语言，同时也是最重要的古代近东语言，就其文献的持续时间和规模而言。此外，它是最好的古代语言之一。阿卡德语文本语料库的规模大约相当于公元300年以前的拉丁语语料库。阿卡德语的书面文献开始于公元前2600年左右的美索不达米亚南部。几个世纪以来，阿卡德语与最早的楔形文字苏美尔语保持着密切的联系。大约在公元前2000年，阿卡德语取代了苏美尔语成为口语。从第二个千年开始，阿卡德语被巴比伦尼亚东部的埃兰王国所采用（至少作为一种书面语言），埃兰语是一种土著语言。进入Mesoptamia的几个民族，如Guteans，Amorites，Hurrians和Kassites也采用Akkadian作为书面语言。作为强大的美索不达米亚帝国（巴比伦尼亚、亚述）的方言，阿卡德语在公元前2000年获得了国际重要性。因此，它被小亚细亚的赫梯国王和埃及法老用作国际外交信函的弗兰卡。在公元前一千年的过程中，阿卡德语逐渐被阿拉姆语所取代，阿拉姆语是一种西北部的闪米特语，在伊斯兰教传播后，阿拉姆语本身也被另一种闪米特语阿拉伯语所取代。因此，阿卡德语不仅对于重建闪米特语的早期历史，而且作为来源，接受者和传输器的外来词和外来词的犹太人和非犹太人的起源，其中一部分仍然存在于现代语言。除了自1974/1975年以来从埃卜拉（叙利亚）出土的文本外，阿卡德语词汇实际上可以通过两个大型词典AHw相对容易地获得。CAD。然而，作为近东语言和文化历史的巨大宝库，它仍然几乎未被开发。这是拟议项目的主要目标。

Akkadian (Babylonian-Assyrian), written in the cuneiform script, is the earliest Semitic language attested and at the same time the most important Ancient Near Eastern language with regard to the duration and size of its documentation. Furthermore, it is one of the best attested languages of antiqitity. The size of the Akkadian text corpus approximately corresponds to the corpus of Latin up to 300 AD. The written documentation of Akkadian starts in Southern Mesopotamia about 2600 BC. For several centuries, Akkadian stood there in close contact with Sumerian, the earliest cuneiform language. Around 2000 BC, Akkadian replaced Sumerian as a spoken vernacular. From the beginning of the 2d millennium on, Akkadian was adopted (at least as a written language) in the neighbouring kingdom of Elam to the East of Babylonia where Elamite, an indigenous language, was spoken. Several ethnic groups entering Mesoptamia such as Guteans, Amorites, Hurrians and Kassites also adopted Akkadian as a written language. As the vernacular of powerful Mesopotamian empires (Babylonia, Assyria), Akkadian gained international significance during the 2d millennium BC. Thus it was used by the Hittite kings of Asia Minor and by the Egyptian pharaos as a lingua franca for their international diplomatic correspondance. In the course of the 1st millennium BC, Akkadian was increasingly replaced by Aramaic, a northwest Semitic language, which itself became superseded by Arabic, another Semitic language, after the spread of Islam.Therefore, Akkadian is of extraordinary importance not only for the reconstruction of the early history of Semitic languages but also as the source, receptor and transmitter of loanwords and foreign words of Semitic and non-Semitic origin, part of which still survive in modern languages. Except for the texts from Ebla (Syria) unearthed since 1974/5, the Akkadian lexicon is actually relatively well accessible through two large dictionaries, AHw. and CAD. As a huge reservoir for the history of Near Eastern languages and cultures, however, it is still almost unexploited. This is the main goal of the project proposed.