E2CDA: Type I: Collaborative Research: Nanophotonic Neuromorphic Computing

E2CDA：I 型：协作研究：纳米光子神经形态计算

• 批准号: 1740235
• 负责人: Volker Sorger
• 金额: $ 55.29万
• 依托单位: George Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1740235&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: E2CDA; Type; Collaborative; Research; Nanophotonic

With this program, the National Science Foundation has challenged the scientific community to help solve the problem of energy efficient computing. Data centers around the world spend almost equal amount of overhead power in cooling and power conversion for every Watt of computation. As society's appetite for information continues to grow, data centers will eventually consume a significant portion of the world's electricity. Today, the entire information technology industry relies on digital electronics, i.e. electrons carrying digital bits, which impose a barrier for how efficient a computational task can be, regardless of how brilliantly software routines can be engineered. This project will explore the physics of lightwaves to craft a "photonic" processor that breaks that efficiency barrier. This interdisciplinary endeavor will attempt to generate foundational science which will support future innovation in the tech industry. To the end of help building the workforce for the future, the investigators will continue their commitments in mentoring graduate and undergraduate students, and support broadening participation of women, minorities and underrepresented groups through STEM outreach, and NSF REU sites.The approach unites neuromorphic (neural network-inspired) architectures, nanophotonic devices, and emerging fabrication platforms. The technical challenge requires vertical integration of new optical devices, logic units, and control software. It utilizes diverse expertise of faculty members in nanophotonic devices, photonic systems and computer engineering. Specifically, the key points of innovation will include: 1) ultra-efficient electro-optic modulators that will act as neurons at the nanoscale; 2) reconfigurable hardware interconnection fabric on-chip that uses light as information carrier; and 3) creation of control software and benchmarks that are required to orient the project within the broader field of efficient computing. A strong experimental thrust to design, build, and demonstrate these proposed systems will serve to reduce the risk of development of this technology and pave the way for other researchers to join the emerging field of nanophotonic neuromorphic computing.

通过这个项目，美国国家科学基金会向科学界发起挑战，要求他们帮助解决节能计算的问题。世界各地的数据中心在每瓦特的计算中花费的冷却和功率转换的开销几乎相等。随着社会对信息的需求不断增长，数据中心最终将消耗世界上很大一部分电力。今天，整个信息技术产业都依赖于数字电子，即电子携带数字比特，这对计算任务的效率构成了障碍，无论软件程序设计得多么出色。这个项目将探索光波的物理特性，从而制造出一种“光子”处理器，打破这种效率障碍。这种跨学科的努力将试图产生基础科学，以支持未来科技行业的创新。为了帮助建立未来的劳动力，研究人员将继续致力于指导研究生和本科生，并通过STEM推广和NSF REU网站支持扩大妇女、少数民族和代表性不足群体的参与。该方法将神经形态（受神经网络启发）架构、纳米光子器件和新兴制造平台结合起来。技术挑战要求垂直整合新的光学器件、逻辑单元和控制软件。它利用了教师在纳米光子器件，光子系统和计算机工程方面的各种专业知识。具体来说，创新的关键点将包括：1)超高效的电光调制器，它将在纳米尺度上充当神经元；2)以光为信息载体的片上可重构硬件互联结构；3)创建控制软件和基准，以使项目在更广泛的高效计算领域中定位。设计、构建和演示这些系统的强大实验推力将有助于降低这项技术发展的风险，并为其他研究人员加入纳米光子神经形态计算的新兴领域铺平道路。

项目成果

Roadmap on material-function mapping for photonic-electronic hybrid neural networks

• DOI: 10.1063/1.5109689
• 发表时间: 2019-10-01
• 期刊: APL MATERIALS
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Miscuglio, Mario;Adam, Gina C.;Sorger, Volker J.
• 通讯作者: Sorger, Volker J.

Advances in photonic neuromorphic computing (Conference Presentation)

光子神经形态计算的进展（会议演讲）

• DOI: 10.1117/12.2509838
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits XXI
• 作者: Sorger, Volker J.;George, Jonathan K.;Mehrabian, Armin;Shastri, Bhavin;El-Ghazawi, Tarek;Prucnal, Paul R.;Lee, El-Hang;He, Sailing
• 通讯作者: He, Sailing

Energy-efficient graphene and ITO-based MZI and absorption modulators (Conference Presentation)

节能石墨烯和基于 ITO 的 MZI 和吸收调制器（会议演示）

• DOI: 10.1117/12.2509723
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Optical Components and Materials XVI
• 作者: Sorger, Volker J.;Amin, Rubab;Ma, Zhizhen;Chen, Ray;Dalir, Hamed;Digonnet, Michel J.;Jiang, Shibin
• 通讯作者: Jiang, Shibin

Neuromorphic photonics with electro-absorption modulators

• DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.005181
• 发表时间: 2019-02-18
• 期刊: OPTICS EXPRESS
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: George, Jonathan K.;Mehrabian, Armin;Sorger, Volker J.
• 通讯作者: Sorger, Volker J.

A Design Methodology for Post-Moore’s Law Accelerators: The Case of a Photonic Neuromorphic Processor

后摩尔定律加速器的设计方法：光子神经形态处理器的案例

• DOI: 10.1109/asap49362.2020.00028
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Architectures and Processors (ASAP
• 作者: Mehrabian, Armin;Sorger, Volker J;El-Ghazawi, Tarek
• 通讯作者: El-Ghazawi, Tarek