CHS: Small: A Spatial Cognitive Framework For Personalizing Locomotion in Virtual Environments

低成本头戴式显示器的可用性使消费者能够负担得起虚拟现实，现在全球有数百万虚拟现实用户。 探索虚拟环境最自然的方式是行走和转弯，就像探索真实的环境一样。 然而，许多虚拟现实系统缺乏允许物理行走的必要技术，并且允许物理行走的那些虚拟现实系统仅提供有限的行走空间。 因此，虚拟现实用户必须依靠导航界面来充分探索虚拟环境。 也许最常见的技术是传送界面，其中用户将虚拟激光指示器指向虚拟环境中的所需位置，然后直接传送到该位置。 传送界面很容易学习，但缺乏通常与行走相关的基于身体的提示，例如腿部运动和平衡感，这可能会导致快速迷失方向。 该项目的目标是评估传送接口对导航的影响，并确定帮助用户在使用传送接口时保持方向感的方法。 远距传送对于某些用户来说可能特别容易迷失方向，例如那些空间能力低的用户，因此该项目采用了一种个性化的方法来确定应向给定用户提供的自适应导航支持的数量和类型。 该项目的研究结果将支持创建虚拟环境设计（DOVE）网站，这是一个公共维基百科风格的网站，用于虚拟现实研究的研究指南，沿着的材料，以支持本科生和研究生教育和推广的计划，旨在扩大参与computing.This项目使用了一个新的框架的基础上一致/不一致之间的运动通过虚拟环境（VE）和用户身体的运动。 在这个框架内，该项目评估了三种常见的导航界面（步行，远距移动改变位置，远距移动改变位置和方向）和几种类型的环境线索对用户执行两个基本导航任务的能力的影响。第一个任务是空间更新，包括在空间移动时跟踪自我位置和方向，回答这个问题，“我在哪里？“定向障碍代表了空间更新的失败。准确的空间更新对于成功的VE至关重要，特别是在时间敏感的领域，如远程医疗援助和极端工作环境的培训。第二个任务，认知地图形成，涉及将经验的位置和它们之间的关系存储在记忆中，并且对于涉及导航到记忆的位置或选择替代路线或捷径的任务至关重要，例如，“怎么去？“一系列实验的结果将用于为VR设计师应该理想地包括在VE中的导航界面和辅助工具提供基于证据的建议，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值进行评估，更广泛的影响审查标准。

The availability of low-cost head-mounted displays has made virtual reality affordable to consumers and there are now millions of virtual reality users worldwide. The most natural way to explore a virtual environment is to walk and turn, just as one does when exploring a real environment. However, many virtual reality systems lack necessary technology to allow physical walking, and those that do allow physical walking provide only limited walking space. Therefore, virtual reality users must rely on navigation interfaces to fully explore the virtual environment. Perhaps the most common technique is the teleport interface, in which the user points a virtual laser pointer to the desired location in the virtual environment and is then directly transported to that location. The teleport interface is easy to learn but lacks body-based cues normally associated with walking, such as leg movement and sense of balance, which can cause rapid disorientation. This project's goals are to evaluate the effects of the teleport interface on navigation and to identify ways to help users stay oriented when using the teleport interface. Teleporting is likely to be especially disorienting for some users, such as those with low spatial ability, so this project incorporates a personalized approach to determine the amount of and type of adaptive navigation support that should be provided to a given user. Findings from this project will support creation of the Design of Virtual Environments (DOVE) website, a public Wikipedia-style site for research-based guidelines from virtual reality research, along with materials to support both undergraduate and graduate education and outreach to programs targeted at broadening participation in computing.This project uses a novel framework based on concordance/discordance between movement through a virtual environment (VE) and movement of the user's body. Within this framework, this project evaluates the impact of three common navigation interfaces (walking, teleporting to change position, and teleporting to change position and orientation) and several types of environmental cues on users' ability to perform two fundamental navigation tasks. The first task, spatial updating, involves keeping track of self-location and orientation when moving through space, answering the question, "Where am I?" Disorientation represents a failure of spatial updating. Accurate spatial updating is critical for a successful VE, particularly in time-sensitive domains such as remote medical assistance and training for extreme workplace circumstances. The second task, cognitive map formation, involves storing experienced locations and relationships between them in memory, and is critical for tasks that involve navigation to remembered locations or selection of alternative routes or shortcuts, e.g., "How do I get there?" The results from a series of experiments will be used to make evidence-based recommendations for navigation interfaces and aids that VR designers should ideally include in a VE, either uniformly or using an adaptive personalized approach based on users' spatial abilities or other individual differences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.