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NNA: Collaborative Research:The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring Network-CALM V (2019-2024): Long-term Observations on the Climate-Active Layer-Permafrost System

NNA：合作研究：环极活动层监测网络-CALM V（2019-2024）：气候-活动层-多年冻土系统的长期观测

基本信息

批准号：
1836381
负责人：
Frederick Nelson
金额：
$ 51.5万
依托单位：
Northern Michigan University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-06-01 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1836381&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NNA Collaborative Research Circumpolar Active

项目摘要

The permafrost (perennially frozen ground) regions occupy nearly a quarter of the Earth's terrestrial surface. Permafrost is experiencing large changes stemming from the unprecedented degree of environmental change being observed in the Arctic. Changes in the permafrost system have profound effects on the ecology, hydrology, geomorphology, and human occupation of cold environments. The main indicators of permafrost stability are permafrost temperature and thickness of the active-layer (layer of earth materials between the ground surface and the top of the permafrost that undergoes an annual cycle of freezing and thawing). These parameters are considered to be Essential Climatic Variables (ECVs) by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and the Global Terrestrial Observing Network (GTOS). The Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program represents the only coordinated program providing collection, standardization, open access, and dissemination of active-layer data world-wide. Widespread, systematic changes in the thickness of the active layer could have profound effects on the flux of greenhouse gases, on the human infrastructure in cold regions, and on landscape and hydrologic processes. It is therefore critical that observational and analytical procedures continue over decadal periods to assess trends and detect cumulative, long-term changes. This award will support the continuation of the active-layer observations conducted by the CALM program at the network of 168 sites distributed over circumpolar Arctic region. CALM program is an integral part of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost. Long-term observations of active-layer thickness and dynamics, obtained using standard measurement protocols, are the essential rationale behind the CALM project. Local site conditions and seasonal variations in climate create complex interactions that determine the magnitude of seasonal soil thaw and information about related biogeochemical processes. Long-term time series of thaw measurements at the same locations and across diverse terrain types and regions are required to identify scales of spatial variation, establish trends, and validate models. Measurement of thaw subsidence, which are critical for identifying potential threats to human infrastructure in the Arctic, is an integral part of the observation program. The objectives of the observational network stress the need for long-term active layer, ground temperature, and thaw settlement measurements, integration of data to provide the basis for comprehensive assessments of changes in active-layer and near-surface permafrost, and preparation and dissemination of data sets to assist detailed process studies, and in validating and developing of climate change, ecology, hydrology, and geocryology models. The geographical focus of the network of CALM grids and soil temperature sites is on Arctic tundra environments, where the program has made a substantial progress at building a consistent, long-term database that has been used effectively and extensively by the modeling community. Although this project is concerned only with observing stations located in the Arctic region, it is important to note that CALM is a global network incorporating observatories outside the Arctic Circle, including a rapidly developing Antarctic component (CALM-South). More than half of the sites in the CALM network are maintained and data reported on a voluntary basis. Educational and outreach activities are an integral part of the proposed research. The project will provide opportunities for field experience and educational participation at levels ranging from elementary school through postdoctoral. The circum-Arctic nature of CALM will foster extensive international collaboration between students involved in project activities. An outreach component of the project includes extensive involvement of local, predominantly indigenous population in observational program at remote Arctic sites.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

永久冻土（常年冻结的地面）区域占据了地球陆地表面的近四分之一。由于北极观察到的前所未有的环境变化，永久冻土正在经历巨大的变化。多年冻土系统的变化对寒冷环境的生态、水文、地貌和人类占领产生深远的影响。多年冻土稳定性的主要指标是多年冻土温度和活动层（地表和多年冻土顶部之间的土质层，每年经历冻融循环）的厚度。这些参数被全球气候观测系统（GCOS）和全球陆地观测网络（GTOS）视为基本气候变量（ECV）。环极活动层监测 (CALM) 计划是唯一一个在全球范围内提供活动层数据收集、标准化、开放访问和传播的协调计划。活动层厚度的广泛、系统的变化可能对温室气体通量、寒冷地区的人类基础设施以及景观和水文过程产生深远的影响。因此，观察和分析程序持续十年以评估趋势并发现累积的长期变化至关重要。该奖项将支持 CALM 计划在分布于环极地北极地区的 168 个站点网络上继续进行活动层观测。 CALM 计划是全球陆地永久冻土网络的组成部分。使用标准测量协议获得的对活性层厚度和动力学的长期观测是 CALM 项目背后的基本原理。当地的场地条件和气候的季节性变化产生了复杂的相互作用，决定了季节性土壤解冻的程度以及有关相关生物地球化学过程的信息。需要在同一地点和不同地形类型和区域进行长期时间序列的解冻测量，以确定空间变化的规模、建立趋势并验证模型。融化沉降的测量对于识别北极人类基础设施的潜在威胁至关重要，是观测计划的一个组成部分。观测网络的目标强调需要进行长期的活动层、地面温度和融化沉降测量，整合数据，为活动层和近地表永久冻土变化的综合评估提供基础，准备和传播数据集以协助详细的过程研究，以及验证和开发气候变化、生态学、水文学和冻土学模型。 CALM 网格和土壤温度站点网络的地理重点是北极苔原环境，该计划在建立一致的长期数据库方面取得了实质性进展，该数据库已被建模界有效和广泛使用。尽管该项目仅涉及位于北极地区的观测站，但值得注意的是，CALM 是一个包含北极圈以外观测站的全球网络，其中包括快速发展的南极部分（CALM-South）。 CALM 网络中一半以上的站点都是在自愿的基础上进行维护和报告数据的。教育和推广活动是拟议研究的一个组成部分。该项目将提供从小学到博士后各个级别的现场经验和教育参与机会。 CALM 的环北极性质将促进参与项目活动的学生之间的广泛国际合作。该项目的外展部分包括让当地居民（主要是土著居民）广泛参与偏远北极地点的观测计划。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（8）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Dealing with the bust in Vorkuta, Russia

处理俄罗斯沃尔库塔的半身像

DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.021
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Land Use Policy
影响因子：
7.1
作者：
Shiklomanov, Nikolay;Streletskiy, Dmitry;Suter, Luis;Orttung, Robert;Zamyatina, Nadezhda
通讯作者：
Zamyatina, Nadezhda

Permafrost is warming at a global scale

全球范围内的永久冻土正在变暖