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Reinforcing and motivating properties of social conformity

强化和激励社会整合特性

基本信息

批准号：
1844632
负责人：
Mimi Liljeholm
金额：
$ 42.46万
依托单位：
University of California-Irvine
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-05-01 至 2025-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1844632&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Reinforcing motivating properties social conformity

项目摘要

The social groups to which we belong -- families, friends, teams, companies, organizations -- have a pervasive influence on our decision making. Indeed, people often abandon their own personal judgments and choices in favor of conforming to a group majority. In some cases, such alignment with the group may protect against social rejection and grant access to shared resources. However, research has shown that people also conform even when there is no social or economic gain for them. One explanation for this result is that the act of reaching consensus with one's group might be valuable in itself -- an idea that is supported by recent neuroscientific research showing that the brain's reward circuit is involved in social conformity. This project combines computational cognitive modeling with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral economic procedures to better understand the subjective value of conforming and dissenting decisions. By uncovering the motivating and reinforcing properties of majority alignment, this research will shed light on a fundamental aspect of organizational, professional and personal interactions. Among the broader impacts is a priority to share data and code to benefit research in cognitive and social neuroscience, to involve the participation of women, underrepresented groups and high school students, and to inform the development of tools that can improve the social competency of impaired individuals.This project uses model-based cognitive neuroscience to investigate the motivating and reinforcing properties of social conformity. The main approach is to make the desire to conform compete with the prospect of economic gain, and to assess the transfer of conformity-based valence to other features of the environment. A second objective is to investigate how the relative size and perceived competence of a majority opinion influences the value associated with consensus and dissent. A third objective is to explore a common neural representation for conformity and conventional reward. All of the studies use variations of standard tasks employed in research on economic decision-making. Reinforcement learning models are used to make quantitative predictions about behavioral choices and neural activity. Model-based fMRI analyses are combined with connectivity and multi-voxel pattern analyses to investigate interactions between social and motivational neural networks, and to explore a distributed overlapping neural code for social and economic currencies. By formalizing consensus-seeking behavior as reinforcement learning, the project contributes in several ways to the behavioral and neuroscientific literatures on social conformity. In particular, the reinforcement learning framework provides a mechanism for how apparently inconsequential consensus decisions may be motivated by previously acquired valence, and for how that valence may then be transferred to other contextual and interpersonal features. This approach bridges a critical gap, at both neural and behavioral levels, between complex socio-cognitive representations and basic mechanisms of reward-based learning and decision-making.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

我们所属的社会团体--家庭、朋友、团队、公司、组织--对我们的决策有广泛的影响。事实上，人们经常放弃自己的个人判断和选择，转而支持服从群体多数。在某些情况下，这种与群体的结盟可以防止社会排斥，并授予对共享资源的访问权限。然而，研究表明，即使没有社会或经济利益，人们也会顺从。对这一结果的一种解释是，与一个群体达成共识的行为本身可能是有价值的--这一观点得到了最近的神经科学研究的支持，该研究表明，大脑的奖赏回路与社会从众有关。该项目将计算认知建模与功能磁共振成像(FMRI)和行为经济学程序相结合，以更好地理解顺从和反对决策的主观价值。通过揭示多数人一致性的激励和强化特性，这项研究将揭示组织、专业和个人互动的一个基本方面。在更广泛的影响中，优先考虑共享数据和代码，以促进认知和社会神经科学的研究，让女性、代表性不足的群体和高中生参与进来，并为开发能够改善受损个人社交能力的工具提供信息。该项目使用基于模型的认知神经科学来研究社会从众的激励和强化特性。主要的方法是使从众的愿望与经济利益的前景相竞争，并评估基于从众的价格向环境的其他特征的转移。第二个目标是调查多数意见的相对大小和感知能力如何影响与共识和异议相关的价值。第三个目标是探索从众和常规奖励的共同神经表征。所有的研究都使用了经济决策研究中使用的标准任务的变体。强化学习模型被用来对行为选择和神经活动做出定量预测。基于模型的功能磁共振分析与连接性和多体素模式分析相结合，以调查社会和激励神经网络之间的相互作用，并探索用于社会和经济货币的分布式重叠神经代码。通过将寻求共识的行为正式化为强化学习，该项目在几个方面为有关社会从众的行为学和神经科学文献做出了贡献。特别是，强化学习框架提供了一种机制，用于说明以前获得的价态如何激励明显不重要的共识决定，以及如何将这种价态转移到其他上下文和人际特征上。这种方法在神经和行为层面上弥合了复杂的社会认知表征和基于奖励的学习和决策的基本机制之间的关键差距。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。