RAPID: Field Survey of the 27 September 2018 Sulawesi Tsunami

该快速反应研究(RAPID)奖为2018年9月28日苏拉威西里氏7.5级地震的海啸灾后调查提供资金。据估计，他的海啸已造成2000多人死亡，使其成为自2010年海地地震和海啸以来由走滑地震引发的最致命的海啸。只有一小部分海啸是由像这样的走滑地震引发的，关于这种触发机制的数据非常少。然而，除了东南亚，这样的地震还可能发生在美国西部、加勒比海和地中海的不同地点。科学家和工程师需要了解，与绝大多数类似地震相比，这些走滑事件是否有不寻常的特征，使它们产生海啸。这个侦察小组收集的数据对研究界来说将是无价的。最终，它将有助于预测走滑地震对美国海岸线的风险，并帮助美国更好地为未来海岸上的海啸事件做好准备。研究小组将：(1)测量最大淹没和水流深度；(2)分析幸存者视频；(3)测量观测到的同震抬升、下沉和横向扩散；(4)通过海洋地质调查直接记录沿海滑坡，或间接记录极端局部隆起尖峰造成的沿海滑坡；(5)测量不同类型建筑物的破坏类型和严重程度，并记录哪些因素似乎控制了破坏程度；(6)在适当的情况下，通过访谈收集有关幸存者经历和故事的信息；以及(7)探索在不同地方发挥作用的人类和社区的脆弱性和复原力因素--是什么使特定的社区具有复原力或脆弱性，经历过海啸的不同类型的人有哪些不同的经历？关于走滑地震产生的海啸的数据很少，仅占破坏性海啸的10%左右；因此，记录这次海啸尤为重要。海洋调查将有助于约束震源，因此可以理解触发机制。在此项目期间获得的数据将通过NHERI设计安全数据门户存档。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award funds a post-disaster tsunami survey of the 28 September 2018 Sulawesi magnitude Mw= 7.5 earthquake. It is estimated that his tsunami has killed in excess of 2,000 people, making it the deadliest tsunami initiated by a strike slip earthquake since the 2010 Haiti earthquake and tsunami. Only a small fraction of tsunamis are triggered by strike slip earthquakes such as this one, and very little data about this type of triggering mechanism are available. However, such earthquakes can occur in different locales in the western US, the Caribbean, and the Mediterranean, in addition to South East Asia. Scientists and engineers need to understand if there are unusual features of these strike-slip events which make them tsunamigenic, compared to the overwhelming majority of similar earthquakes which are not. The data collected by this reconnaissance team will be invaluable to the research community. Ultimately, it will help predict the risk to the U.S shoreline from strike slip earthquakes, and help make the U.S. better prepared for future tsunami events on our shores.The research team will: (1) take measurements of maximum inundation and flow depths; (2) analyze survivor videos; (3) measure co-seismic uplift, subsidence, and lateral spreading where observed; (4) document coastal landslides directly through a marine geology survey, or indirectly due to extreme localized runup spikes; (5) measure the type and severity of damage to different types of buildings and record what factors appeared to control damage levels; (6) collect information about survivor experiences and stories through interviews, if appropriate; and, (7) explore the human and community vulnerability and resilience factors at work in different places - what made a particular community resilient or vulnerable, what are the differential experiences of different types of people who experienced the tsunami? Data on tsunamis generated by strike slip earthquakes, such as this one, are rare, making up only approximately 10 percent of damaging tsunamis; therefore, it is particularly important to document this tsunami. A marine survey will help constrain the seismic source, so the triggering mechanism can be understood. The data obtained during this project will be archived through the NHERI DesignSafe Data Portal.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.