US-UK Collab.: Eco-evolutionary dynamics of infectious diseases in host population networks

美英合作：宿主人口网络中传染病的生态进化动力学

• 批准号: 1911994
• 负责人: Anna Jolles
• 金额: $ 249.95万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1911994&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; UK; Collab.; Eco; evolutionary

This project will investigate how the way that groups are connected through the movement of individuals affects the spread of disease by studying viruses, bacteria, and other disease-causing parasites that infect desert bighorn sheep in southeastern California deserts. Many animals live in habitat patches, forming a network of populations that are linked by occasional movements. Understanding how changes in population connectivity affect disease transmission is important, as landscapes are changing rapidly in many regions around the globe. Desert bighorn sheep that live on mountain tops in the deserts of the American West. The study will measure how many of the sheep have been infected, and the rate at which they move among populations. They will ask whether more isolated populations have less genetic diversity and are more likely to be infected. This research will train of undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows, and will engage the public through collaborations with K-12 teachers, wildlife management agencies, and natural history museums. The researchers will use observational data, experiments, and mathematical models to investigate how the spatial relationships between interconnected host populations shape infection risks in different locales, setting the stage for genetic adaptation of immune defenses in the hosts. Differences in immune responses among host populations are likely to affect the populations' vulnerability to infectious diseases. The investigators hypothesize that network topology will constrain parasite species distributions across host populations, and parasite interactions will structure parasite communities within individual hosts. They expect that differences in parasite communities across populations mediate differential selection on genes involved in immune function, resulting in variation in immune responses and local immunogenetic adaptation. They hypothesize that feedbacks between these ecological and evolutionary processes drive the dynamics of parasite communities in host population networks, resulting in differential vulnerability to emerging infections across populations. Metagenomic data from fecal samples will be used to discover landscape-level parasite community patterns across three metapopulations. In a Mojave Desert metapopulation, they will combine longitudinal observational data and experimental approaches to assess the role of parasite interactions in structuring within-host parasite communities. Immune responses and survey immunogenetic profiles of sheep will be used to estimate the selective pressure underlying immunogenetic differences across fourteen bighorn populations. The empirical data will be used to parameterize and test mathematical network models exploring how ecological and host evolutionary processes shape disease dynamics in bighorn in particular, and across population networks in general.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将通过研究病毒，细菌和其他引起疾病的寄生虫来影响疾病的传播，这些项目如何通过个人的运动来影响疾病的传播，这些寄生虫感染了加利福尼亚州东南部沙漠的沙漠大角羊。许多动物生活在栖息地斑块中，形成了偶尔运动联系在一起的人群网络。了解人口连通性的变化如何影响疾病传播非常重要，因为全球许多地区的景观正在迅速变化。沙漠大角羊绵羊生活在美国西部沙漠中的山顶上。该研究将衡量已感染了多少绵羊，以及它们在人群中移动的速度。他们将询问更多的孤立人群是否具有较小的遗传多样性，并且更有可能被感染。这项研究将培训本科生，研究生和博士后研究员，并通过与K-12教师，野生动物管理机构和自然历史博物馆的合作来吸引公众。 研究人员将使用观察数据，实验和数学模型来研究互连宿主种群之间的空间关系如何影响不同地区的风险，从而为宿主中免疫防御的基因适应奠定了基础。宿主种群中免疫反应的差异可能会影响人群对传染病的脆弱性。研究人员假设网络拓扑将限制寄生虫种群之间的寄生虫分布，而寄生虫相互作用将在单个宿主中构建寄生虫群落。他们预计，跨种群的寄生虫群落的差异介导了有关免疫功能的基因的差异选择，从而导致免疫反应和局部免疫遗传适应的差异。他们假设这些生态和进化过程之间的反馈驱动了寄主人群网络中寄生虫群落的动态，从而导致跨种群中新出现的感染的脆弱性不同。来自粪便样品的宏基因组数据将用于发现三个群体中的景观级寄生虫社区模式。在莫哈韦沙漠的种群中，他们将结合纵向观察数据和实验方法，以评估寄生虫相互作用在构建宿主寄生虫群落中的作用。绵羊的免疫反应和调查的免疫遗传特征将用于估计14个大角种群中免疫遗传差异的选择性压力。经验数据将用于参数化和测试数学网络模型，以探讨生态学和宿主进化过程如何尤其是大角的疾病动态，尤其是整个人口网络中的疾病动态。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力和更广泛影响的评估来通过评估来获得支持的人，这是值得的。

项目成果

Population connectivity patterns of genetic diversity, immune responses and exposure to infectious pneumonia in a metapopulation of desert bighorn sheep

沙漠大角羊集合种群遗传多样性、免疫反应和感染性肺炎暴露的种群连通性模式

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13885
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Animal Ecology
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Dugovich, Brian S.;Beechler, Brianna R.;Dolan, Brian P.;Crowhurst, Rachel S.;Gonzales, Ben J.;Powers, Jenny G.;Hughson, Debra L.;Vu, Regina K.;Epps, Clinton W.;Jolles, Anna E.
• 通讯作者: Jolles, Anna E.

A simple biochemical plasma test as an indicator of maternal energy balance predicts offspring survival in bighorn sheep

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1106635
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 作者: Connor Laliberte;Anne Devan‐Song;J. Burco;Claire E. Couch;Morgan F. Gentzkow;Robert S. Spaan;C. Epps;B. Beechler