Co-evolution of Anthropogenic Stressors and Regional Urban Hydroclimate through Multiscale Land-Atmosphere Interactions

该项目研究了城市地区的人类活动如何通过陆-气相互作用与区域水文气候相互作用。在过去几十年中，人类活动正在急剧改变地球系统，以前所未有的速度和规模引起全球变化。在这些变化中，城市化已成为最不可逆转和人类主导的形式。本研究量化了城市中人类活动引起的热量、水分和温室气体的排放和输送，并研究了它们与区域水文气象变化的相互作用。了解由于城市未来发展而出现的水文气候模式，可以提高城市环境建模的预测能力，并为城市规划者，政策制定者和公众带来广泛的兴趣。该项目通过定期会议、气候简报会和年度研讨会，积极吸引利益攸关方，特别是来自当地城市的利益攸关方参与项目评估和外联活动。该项目招收一名研究生从事研究、教育和外联活动。 此外，该项目有助于通过暑期研究计划教育参与大学预科和本科生，培养他们对科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）的兴趣。研究活动的重点是表征美国城市中出现的人为动力学及其与区域水文气象学的共同演变，使用凤凰城大都市作为一个特定的研究区域。具体的研究目标包括：（1）量化人口动态，人为热量，水分，CO2排放，以及它们的非线性相互作用，（2）将人为动力学纳入一个新的城市模拟系统，（3）进行研究区域的城市土地利用和未来气候变化的情景分析。该项目的主要科学成果包括一个新的城市陆面模型，该模型将人为压力因素参数化，并提高了美国城市地区数值天气预报的技能。该项目的情景研究涵盖了广泛的城市扩张和气候变化故事情节，为研究人员和城市规划者寻找紧迫的城市环境问题的可持续解决方案提供了信息。该项目还有助于公众更好地为未来城市的气候敏感性发展做好准备。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project investigates how human activities in urban areas interact with regional hydroclimate via land-atmosphere interactions. Over past decades, human activities are drastically transforming the Earth system, giving rise to global changes at unparalleled rates and scales. Among these changes, urbanization has emerged as the most irreversible and human-dominated form. This study quantifies the emission and transport of heat, moisture, and greenhouse gases due to human activities in cities and examines their interplay with changes in regional hydrometeorology. Understanding the emergent hydroclimatic patterns due to future development of cities leads to improved predictive skills of urban environmental modeling, and is of broad interest for city planners, policy makers, and the general public. This project actively engages stakeholders, especially those from local cities, for project evaluation and outreach activities through regular meetings, climate briefings, and annual workshops. This project recruits one graduate student in research, education and outreach activities. In addition, this project contributes to the education of participating pre-college and undergraduate students via summer research programs to cultivate their interest in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). The research activities focus on characterizing anthropogenic dynamics arising in U.S. cities and its co-evolution with regional hydrometeorology, using Phoenix Metropolitan as a specific study area. Specific research objectives include: (1) quantify population dynamics, anthropogenic heat, moisture, CO2 emission, and their nonlinear interactions, (2) incorporate anthropogenic dynamics into a new urban modeling system; (3) perform scenario analysis of urban land use and future climate changes in the study area. The major scientific outcomes of this project include a new urban land surface model incorporating the parameterization anthropogenic stressors, and improved skill of numerical weather prediction over U.S. urban areas. The scenario study in this project that embraces a wide spectrum of urban expansion and climate change storylines is informative to researchers and urban planners in finding sustainable solutions to pressing urban environmental issues. The project also helps to better prepare the general public for climate-sensitive development of future cities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.