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Establishing genetic counselling in the GDR in the area of conflict between science, politics and public

在东德在科学、政治和公众之间的冲突领域建立遗传咨询

基本信息

批准号：
239941624
负责人：
Dr. Susanne Doetz
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Geschichte der Medizin und Ethik in der Medizin
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/239941624?language=en
关键词：
Establishing genetic counselling GDR area

项目摘要

Against the background of the national socialist past and Lysenko´s doctrine, human genetics research in the GDR was practiced on a limited scale until the late 1960s. The doctrine of Lysenko which had been transferred from the Soviet Union proclaimed the inheritance of acquired characteristics as reality and denounced genetics as pseudoscience.Under the scope of the so-called Biologieprognose (biology prognosis) in 1966, GDR scientists maintained the need for investigation into human genetics. In the process, they stressed the progressive international development in that field. Five years later (1971) the project human genetics started. Its previous goal was the establishment of a genetic counselling family service. In the midst of the 1980s, genetic counselling helpdesks were available in each district (Bezirk) of the GDR Therefore genetic counselling served as a means of transmitting and applying modern molecular genetic knowledge.The research project aims to investigate the establishment of genetic counselling in the interaction between politics, science and the public. Which elder medical structures have been integrated in this period? Which traditions were continued and which were consciously neglected? How was genetic counselling shaped in the areas of conflict between health policy demands of the SED (Socialist Unity Party of Germany), international competition, lack of resources and the interests of human geneticists? And what role did the public or at least certain segments of the public, to whom after all genetic counselling was addressed, play in the process?These questions will be explored by examining documents of different participating institutions, contemporary publications and interviews with contemporary witnesses.

在国家社会主义过去和李森科学说的背景下，直到20世纪60年代末，民主德国的人类遗传学研究一直在有限的规模上进行。从苏联传入的李森科学说宣称后天遗传是现实，并谴责遗传学是伪科学。在1966年所谓的生物学预测（BiologieProjectivenose）的范围内，民主德国科学家坚持对人类遗传学进行研究的必要性。在这一过程中，他们强调了这一领域的逐步国际发展。五年后（1971年），人类遗传学项目开始。其先前的目标是建立遗传咨询家庭服务。在20世纪80年代中期，在民主德国的每个地区（Behruk）都有遗传咨询服务台。因此，遗传咨询成为传播和应用现代分子遗传学知识的一种手段。本研究项目旨在调查在政治、科学和公众之间的互动中建立遗传咨询。在此期间，哪些老年医疗机构得到了整合？哪些传统被继承了，哪些被有意忽视了？在SED（德国社会主义统一党）的卫生政策要求、国际竞争、缺乏资源和人类遗传学家的利益之间的冲突领域，遗传咨询是如何形成的？公众或至少是公众中的某些部分，毕竟遗传咨询是针对他们的，在这个过程中扮演了什么角色？将通过审查不同参与机构的文件、当代出版物和对当代证人的访谈来探讨这些问题。