Optically-pumped NMR Enhancements Enable Studies of Semiconductor Interfaces

非技术描述：所有现代电子产品的基础都依赖于由半导体组成的多层材料。在这里，研究人员正在开发仪器来确定不同半导体层相互接触的界面区域的特殊化学结构和三维形式。这些方法将激光激发与核磁共振检测相结合，提供对提高这些现代电子设备性能至关重要的原子级信息。该项目包括与国家高磁场实验室的合作，并将影响半导体器件制造行业。研究创新与华盛顿大学提供的多学科课程相结合，以教育和培训学生。此次合作还为团队成员提供了新的研究网络，促进了学生和博士后研究人员的专业发展。通过学校伙伴关系研究所为高中教师提供非正式的科学教育活动。技术描述：本研究通过使用传导电子的光泵浦产生的增强信号来询问半导体界面的结构。光泵浦核磁共振（OPNMR）中的光泵浦将检测信号定位到界面区域，大大提高了灵敏度，使核磁共振从体向表面技术转变。在与国家高磁场实验室的合作中，利用基于高温超导体的新型线圈设计，激光访问和核磁共振灵敏度得到了提高，这种线圈允许不受阻碍的激光访问，并且比传统的螺线管具有更高的性能。这种光谱学可以通过揭示界面的潜在组成，以及检查由缺陷，晶格不匹配和掺杂引起的应变来实现器件的工程设计。探讨了沉积金属氧化物薄膜（如氧化铝和二氧化铪）涂层的砷化镓模型结构。OPNMR的发展是为了适应这些方法来研究其他金属氧化物半导体器件，以检查在该界面上费米能级钉钉缺陷的作用。这些信息对于提高金属氧化物半导体器件的性能至关重要。获得的高极化被用来测量磁光穿透深度，最终测量核极化。到目前为止，这些值只是估计，但对于理解观察到的自旋和光泵浦的有效性至关重要，明确使用核自旋温度。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Non-Technical Description: The basis of all modern electronics relies on multilayered materials composed of semiconductors. Here, the investigators are developing instrumentation to determine the specialized chemical structures and the 3-dimensional forms in interface regions where different semiconductor layers are in contact with one another. These methods combine laser excitation with nuclear magnetic resonance detection to provide atomic-level information critical to improving the performance of these modern electronic devices. This project includes collaboration with the National High Magnetic Field Lab and will impact semiconductor device fabrication industries. The research innovations are integrated with multidisciplinary courses offered at Washington University for educating and training students. The collaboration also provides new research networks for team members, enhancing the professional development of students and postdoctoral researchers. Informal science education activities for high school teachers are offered through the Institute for School Partnership.Technical Description: This research interrogates the structure of semiconductor interfaces by using enhanced signals that are created through optical pumping of conduction electrons. Optical pumping in the optically pumped nuclear magnetic resonance (OPNMR) localizes the detected signal to interfacial regions and greatly enhances the sensitivity, transforming NMR from a bulk to a surface technique. In collaboration with the National High Magnetic Field Lab, laser access and NMR sensitivity are improved by utilizing a new coil design based on high-temperature superconductors that permits unimpeded laser access and higher performance than conventional solenoids. Such spectroscopy can enable engineering of devices by revealing the underlying makeup of the interface, and examining strain induced by defects, lattice mismatch, and dopants. Model structures of GaAs coated with deposited metal oxide thin films, such as alumina and hafnium dioxide are probed. The OPNMR is developed to adapt these methods for studying other metal-oxide semiconductor devices to examine the role of defects in Fermi-level pinning at this interface. This information is critical to improving performance of metal-oxide semiconductor devices. The high polarization achieved is utilized to measure the magneto-optical penetration depth and ultimately the nuclear polarization. To date, these values have only been estimates but are crucial for understanding the observed spins and the effectiveness of the optical pumping, explicitly using nuclear spin temperature.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.