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Revisiting Homo Taxonomy: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis of the Hominin Skeleton

重温人属分类学：古人类骨骼的几何形态分析

基本信息

批准号：
2010844
负责人：
Brittany Kenyon-Flatt
金额：
$ 13.8万
依托单位：
Kenyon, Brittany
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2010844&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Revisiting Homo Taxonomy Geometric Morphometric

项目摘要

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2020, Research Using Biological Collections. The fellowship supports research and training of the Fellow that will utilize biological collections in innovative ways. Humans belong to the incredibly diverse and geographically widespread genus Homo. The wide range of diversity seen in the skeletons of humans and their ancestors (hominins) makes it difficult to scientifically classify them – do hominins belong to one incredibly diverse species or to several different species? Historically, the shape and features of a skeletal fossil are used to help identify what species it belongs to, though these classifications ignore the fact that the wide range of diversity should cause us to rethink how we define a species. This project investigates the extent to which the range of variation seen in human ancestors mimics that of another group of geographically widespread primates, macaque monkeys. This research advances scientific knowledge by allowing for more accurate classification methods that will allow us to better understand ourselves and our ancestors, and how we are related. The 3D models generated during the project will be published online as educational resources for K-12 teachers, along with corresponding lesson plans to teach students about how our ancestor’s bodies are different from ours. This research explores how morphological variation throughout the skeleton informs the taxonomic assessment of genus Homo. Several skeletal specimens, including modern humans, Neandertals, the small-bodied species from Indonesia (H. floresiensis), the newly discovered South African fossils (H. naledi), and others will be 3D scanned using state-of-the-art technology for analysis with novel methods such as geometric morphometric statistical analyses. Further, this data will be compared to the Fellow’s previous dataset of macaque monkeys in order to compare how much variation feasibly exists in a geographically widespread primate species. This project tests two hypothesis: (H1) the morphological variation seen in genus Homo mimics what is observed intra-generically in comparable primate species and (H2) postcranial bones, particularly the limb girdles and associated bones, reflect sub-generic taxonomy which can be used for taxonomic assessment. This research advances the career of a woman scientist and undergraduate students from underrepresented areas in STEM will be recruited to help with the project. Results will be disseminated to K-12 students from historically underrepresented groups via lesson plans following NC education standards. Public outreach also will be achieved through blog posts, workshops, and seminar presentations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项行动资助了2020财年NSF生物学博士后研究奖学金，使用生物收集的研究。该研究金支持研究员的研究和培训，以创新的方式利用生物收藏。人类属于令人难以置信的多样性和地理分布广泛的属人。在人类及其祖先（古人类）的骨骼中看到的广泛的多样性使得很难对它们进行科学分类-古人类属于一个令人难以置信的多样性物种还是几个不同的物种？从历史上看，骨骼化石的形状和特征被用来帮助识别它属于什么物种，尽管这些分类忽略了这样一个事实，即广泛的多样性应该促使我们重新思考如何定义一个物种。该项目调查了在人类祖先中看到的变异范围在多大程度上模仿了另一组地理分布广泛的灵长类动物猕猴。这项研究通过允许更准确的分类方法来推进科学知识，使我们能够更好地了解自己和我们的祖先，以及我们如何相互关联。该项目期间生成的3D模型将作为K-12教师的教育资源在线发布，沿着相应的课程计划，教导学生我们祖先的身体与我们的身体有何不同。这项研究探讨了整个骨架的形态变化如何通知属人的分类评估。几个骨骼标本，包括现代人，尼安德特人，来自印度尼西亚的小身体物种（H。floresiensis），新发现的南非化石（H. naledi）和其他人将使用最先进的技术进行3D扫描，以通过几何形态统计分析等新方法进行分析。此外，这些数据将与研究员以前的猕猴数据集进行比较，以比较在地理上广泛分布的灵长类物种中存在多少变化。本项目检验两个假设：（H1）在人属中观察到的形态变异模仿了在可比较的灵长类物种中观察到的属内变异;（H2）颅后骨，特别是肢带和相关骨，反映了可用于分类评估的亚属分类学。这项研究推进了女科学家的职业生涯，来自STEM代表性不足地区的本科生将被招募来帮助该项目。结果将通过遵循NC教育标准的课程计划传播给历史上代表性不足的群体的K-12学生。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。